What is Ability Vision ?

Question

Human is the constilation of abilities. This constilation of abilities may be termed as ' the ability". It's genesis and development may be defined as "ability ".

Answer 1

THE VISUAL ABILITIES

The Visual Abilities are the skills which give us the power or means to take in information through our eyes. The visual sensory system is considered to be composed of 20 visual abilities. To simplify, these skills have been grouped into 11 separate abilities and divided among 3 categories.


VISUAL ACUITY

1. Visual acuity - the sharpness of sight. Visual acuity is what is measured by the Snellen "Eye Chart" at school, the pediatrician’s office, or the eye doctor's office. Optical aberrations such as nearsightedness, farsightedness or astigmatism reduce visual acuity. Eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma or retinal degeneration can reduce visual acuity. Eye diseases have not been found to cause learning difficulties. Fortunately eye disease is rare in children.


MECHANICAL SKILLS

These are neuro-muscular abilities controlled by the muscles inside and outside the eye networking with the brain.

2. Accommodation - the ability to change focus, as well as maintain focus in order to see clearly at different distances.

3. Binocularity - the teaming of the two eyes together so they can converge and point to the same place when reading.

4. Ocular Motor Fixation - commonly referred to as eye "tracking". This is the eye's ability to direct and coordinate movement as it quickly and voluntarily shift from one target to another.

5. Eye Hand Coordination - the ability of the visual system to steer fine motor movements as in handwriting.


PERCEPTUAL SKILLS

These visual information processing skills allow the brain to organize and interpret information that is "seen," and give it meaning.

6. Peripheral Vision - the ability to see or be aware of what is surrounding us, our side vision.

7. Visual Form Perception – consists of four visual abilities called figure-ground, form constancy, visual closure, and visual discrimination. Figure-ground is the ability to recognize distinct shapes from their background. Form constancy is the ability to recognize two objects that have the same shape but different size or position, identify or recognize a symbol or object when the entire object is not visible. Visual discrimination is the ability to discriminate between visible likeness and differences in size, shape, pattern, form, position, and color.

8. Spatial Relations - the ability to judge the relative position of one object to another (directionality) and the internal awareness of the two sides of the body (laterality). These skills allow the individual to develop the concepts of right, left, front, back, up, and down.

9. Visual Memory - the ability to retrieve or remember a picture in the mind that has been seen in the past.

10. Visualization - the ability to create or alter new images in the mind.

11. Visual-Sensory Integration - the combining of visual information with movement, touch, balance, hearing, and other sensory data.

The following are explanations of these visual abilities. Also included are common symptoms caused when these abilities have not developed adequately. If your child has any of these behaviors, he or she may have a hidden visual skills problem totally unrelated to good eyesight. This may cause your child to struggle unnecessarily with a vision related learning or reading problem. Single instances of these symptoms may be seen in almost any child. Only when these symptoms are repeated can the assumption be made that there is a visual skill inadequacy.

It must be kept in mind that visual problems can exist without signs or symptoms, because a child or adult who avoids use of his/her eyes enough will not be subdued by a visual skills inadequacy. These are most often the students who because they are very intelligent and excellent "listeners" can absorb the information necessary to score well on tests. Furthermore, children who experience visual difficulties most often do not realize it is abnormal; therefore, they do not complain and rarely tell anyone. It can be helpful to ask your child if she/he is having these symptoms, or you may have him/her check off this list too.