What factors make esophogeal sphincter?

Question

There is lower and upper esophogeal sphincters.

Answer 1

I'm not sure exactly what you're asking, but I will to my best to answer for you. The entire esophagus has coordinated tension/relaxation of its muscles to allow propulsion of food when we swallow. The sphincter is sort of like a valve to keep gastric acid/food contents moving forward rather than coming backward. When the lower sphincter isn't working well, it can lead to reflux or GERD.

Any part of the esophagus (including the sphincter) consists of mucosa (lining cells on the inner surface), muscle (smooth muscle), some surrounding fat/adventitia. It also includes blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves similar to other major internal organs of the GI tract or elsewhere.