what are the differrence between cytokinesis in plants and animals?

Answer 1

During normal proliferative division, animal cell cytokinesis begins shortly after the onset of sister chromatid separation in the anaphase of mitosis. A contractile ring, comprised of non-muscle myosin II and actin filaments, assembles equatorially at the cell cortex (adjacent to the cell membrane). Myosin II uses the free energy released when ATP is hydrolysed to move along these actin filaments, constricting the cell membrane to form a cleavage furrow. Continued hydrolysis causes this cleavage furrow to ingress (move inwards), a stricking process that is clearly visible down a light microscope. Ingression continues until a so-called midbody structure (composed of electron-dense, proteinaceous material) is formed and the process of abcission then cleaves this midbody to physically pinch one cell into two. Microtubules (non-kinetochore) then reorganize and disappear into a new cytoskeleton as the cell cycle returns to interphase

Because plant cells have a cell wall, cytokinesis shows significant differences compared with the process in animals cells. Rather than forming a contractile ring, plant cells construct a cell plate in the middle of the cell. The cell plate begins as a fusion tube network, which then becomes a tubulo-vesicular network (TVN) as more components are added. The TVN develops into a tubular network, which then becomes a fenestrated sheet which adheres to the existing plasma membrane.

During cytokinesis in an animal cell, a contractile ring forms in the center of the dividing cell. The contractile ring contracts, pulling the cell membrane inward. Eventually, the cell is pinched into two daughter cells. In a plant cell, the cell wall prevents the cell membrane from being pulled inward. A structure called a cell plate grows between the two new nuclei. The cell plate develops into a membrane and eventually becomes part of the cell wall of each of the new cells.