what is the scientific name of desease from which white patches forms over the skin?

Answer 1

Vitiligo... here's a link:

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Answer 2

Human Immune Leukoderma: Vitiligo

Overview:

There are several diseases marked by a lack of pigment in the skin that are grossly referred to as leukoderma; some are caused by an inability of melancocytes to produce melanin, while others are caused by melanocytes either not being present or being destroyed. The latter are the pathology of the phenotypically similar traits piebaldism and the disease vitiligo. Piebaldism, which is present from birth, is a lack of melanocytes in the skin, while vitiligo is a progressive disease in which the melanocytes are gradually destroyed causing unpigmented areas on the skin. The exact etiology of vitiligo is unknown, but four main theories exist to explain it: the autoimmune hypothesis, the neural hypothesis, the self-destruct hypothesis, and the growth factor defect hypothesis. It is believed that vitiligo is a polygenic trait and that a convergence theory, combining elements of different theories across a spectrum of expression is the most accurate etiology (Njoo & Westerhof 2001). Vitiligo is not a physically damaging disease; other than an increased sensitivity to UV radiation most of the disease’s effects are social and psychological, especially for dark-skinned races. There are both surgical and non-surgical treatments for vitiligo (Taneja 2002).