A language is a system, used to communicate, comprised of a set of symbols and a set of rules (or grammar) by which the manipulation of these symbols is governed. These symbols can be combined productively to convey new information, distinguishing languages from other forms of communication. The word language (without an article) can also refer to the use of such systems as a phenomenon.
A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia.Human languages use patterns of sound and/or hand gesture for symbols. These sounds can be converted into written form with little loss of information. Gestures and intonation are a part of delivery, but are not conveyed in written form. Some invented human languages have been built entirely on visual cues to enable communication. In human languages, the symbols are sometimes known as lexemes and the rules are usually known as grammars. "Language" is also used to refer to common properties of languages. Language learning is normal in human childhood and is biologically driven: a crucial role of this process is performed by the neural activity of a portion of the human brain known as Broca's area. There are thousands of human languages, and many, if not most seem to share certain properties (see Universal Grammar) as shown by generative grammar studies pioneered by the work of Noam Chomsky. Recently, it has been proved that a dedicated network in the human brain (crucially involving Broca's area, a portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus), is selectively activated by those languages that meet the Universal Grammar requirements.
There is no clear distinction between a language and a dialect, notwithstanding linguist Max Weinreich's famous aphorism that "a language is a dialect with an army and navy." In other words, the distinction may hinge on political considerations as much as on cultural differences, distinctive writing systems, or degree of mutual intelligibility.
Humans, sometimes using computer programs, have developed additional languages, including the auxiliary language Interlingua; constructed languages such as Esperanto, Ido, Klingon, and Lojban; programming languages; and various mathematical formalisms. These languages are not restricted to the properties shared by other languages.
There is disagreement among anthropologists on when language was first used by humans (or their ancestors). Estimates range from about two million (2,000,000) years ago, during the time of Homo habilis, to as recently as forty thousand (40,000) years ago, during the time of Cro-Magnon man.
Language is an element of culture that contributes to every aspect of human relationships. Andy Clark’s assertion that language is the ultimate cultural artifact is backed by the countless functions that language serves. The role that language plays in human interaction transcends basic communication (such as commanding somebody to do something, or providing information when asked a question) to facilitate the existence of ethos and mythos. This cultural artifact encodes meanings through its ability to manipulate what others imagine. The existence of denotations, what we mean to point out or say, is often received as connotation, what people have culturally subscribed to understanding when something is pointed out. Because of language’s proficiency to encode an extensive range of meanings, and represent almost all ideas including thoughts, it is the ultimate cultural artifact.
2007-03-26 11:49:54
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answer #1
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answered by Anonymous
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A now extinct species of squirrels. Back about the same time the Saber tooth Tiger existed so did these lesser known Saber tooth Squirrels. Regrettably, the Saber tooth Squirrels were little and not able to bring down the big prey like the Saber tooth Tiger. So out of necessity, the Saber tooth Squirrel invented language as a means to communicate with one another to coordinate multi-pronged attacks to bring down the big prey, such as the Woolly Acorn, No it's true, look it up.
2007-03-25 21:24:41
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answer #2
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answered by Anonymous
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language wasn't invented, believe it or not, it is a natural part of human beings tied deep into the biology of out brains.
Specific languages are learned (english, french, etc.)...
but the ability to learn and speak a language and the natural tendency to formulate symbols that represent real objects in a complex way are biological characteristics unique to humans.
2007-03-25 21:21:06
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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Humans
2007-03-26 01:59:03
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answer #4
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answered by Aakash 2
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Whoever was the first person to think a thought, turn to the person next them, and make a sound (or a motion) trying to express that thought. Presumably, this would have been a caveman/woman of some sort.
2007-03-25 21:44:51
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answer #5
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answered by tashay72 5
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but the ability to learn and speak a language and the natural tendency to formulate symbols that represent real objects in a complex way are biological characteristics unique to humans.
2016-02-14 16:05:20
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answer #6
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answered by ? 4
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GOD,remember the rising of tower babel.where people tend to reach the heaven thru this tower.he was mad so he made the people talk in different dialects/lang. for them not to understand each other.so the tower was broke.u
2007-03-25 21:26:56
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answer #7
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answered by male v 1
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Ancestors.
2007-03-25 21:25:46
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answer #8
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answered by † Iríšh † 7
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i think it was the australopithecines (ancestors of humans).........not exactly sure..but other mammals use language too, such as apes and monkeys.
And dolphins are the only animal believed to use 'names' for each other!
2007-03-25 21:26:46
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answer #9
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answered by Anonymous
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Eve, when she asked Adam to pluck that apple.
2007-03-25 21:20:06
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answer #10
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answered by CAPTAIN BEAR 6
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