The Greek earth goddess par excellence, who brings forth the fruits of the earth, particularly the various grains. She taught mankind the art of sowing and ploughing so they could end their nomadic existence. As such, Demeter was also the goddess of planned society. She was very popular with the rural population. As a fertility goddess she is sometimes identified with Rhea and Gaia.
Demeter In systematized theology, Demeter is a daughter of Cronus and Rhea and sister of Zeus by whom she became the mother of Persephone. When Persephone was abducted by Hades, lord of the underworld, Demeter wandered the earth in search of her lost child. During this time the earth brought forth no grain. Finally Zeus sent Hermes to the underworld, ordering Hades to restore Persephone to her mother. However, before she left, Hades gave her a pomegranate (a common fertility symbol). When she ate from it, she was bound to spend a third of the year with her husband in the infernal regions. Only when her daughter is with her, Demeter lets things grow (summer). The dying and blossoming of nature was thus connected with Demeter.
In the Eleusinian mysteries, Demeter and Persephone were especially venerated. When she was looking for her daughter, in the shape of an old woman called Doso, she was welcomed by Celeus, the king of Eleusis (in Attica). He requested her to nurse his sons Demophon and Triptolemus '. To reward his hospitality she intended to make the boy Demophon immortal by placing him each night in the hearth, to burn his mortal nature away. The spell was broken one night because Metanira, the wife of Celeus, walked in on her while she was performing this ritual. Demeter taught the other son, Triptolemus, the principles of agriculture, who, in turn, taught others this art. In Demeter's honor as a goddess of marriage, women in Athens, and other centers in Greece, celebrated the feast of Thesmophoria (from her epithet Thesmophoros, "she of the regular customs"). Throughout Classical times members of all social strata came from all parts of the Mediterranean world to be initiated in and celebrate her Mysteries at Eleusis.
In ancient art, Demeter was often portrayed (sitting) as a solemn woman, often wearing a wreath of braided ears of corn. Well-known is the statue made by Knidos (mid forth century BCE). Her usual symbolic attributes are the fruits of the earth and the torch, the latter presumably referring to her search for Persephone. Her sacred animals were the snake (an earth-creature) and the pig (another symbol of fertility). Some of her epithets include Auxesia, Deo, Chloe, and Sito. The Romans equated her with the goddess Ceres.
2007-03-25 12:22:05
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answer #1
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answered by almasri 2
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As the goddess of grain and fertility, Demeter played an important - indeed essential - role in ancient Greek society. The Greeks, like most ancient cultures, relied upon agriculture for their sustenance. As the patron deity of agriculture, Demeter was accordingly worshipped with festivals (such as the Thesmophoria) and other honors. Likewise, her association with grain also translated into a close relationship with human fertility, as this was another crucial part in our continuing survival. There are, consequently, many myths dealing with Demeter in her capacity as a fertility goddess.
Perhaps the most poignant of these myths is the so-called Homeric Hymn to Demeter, in which the story of the goddess and the loss of her daughter Persephone is told. The Hymn to Demeter is thought by scholars to be not only a myth about the abduction of Persephone and the consequent anger of Demeter - it also alludes to aspects of the mystery cult referred to as the Eleusinian Mysteries. This cult falls more properly into the realm of Greek religion, rather than myth, so it will not be discussed it in any detail here. However, as it is an integral aspect of the worship of Demeter, it should at least be mentioned in this context.
In addition to the myth of Demeter and her daughter Persephone in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, another intriguing tale that involves the goddess of fertility is her affair with the mortal Iasion. According to the version told by the poet Hesiod, Demeter and the hero "coupled with passion on a field plowed three times, in the rich soil of Crete." Apparently, this legendary liaison with Iasion was quite a fruitful one, for Demeter became pregnant and eventually bore her human lover a son named Plutus.
The goddess Demeter was known as Ceres in Roman mythology.
2007-03-25 19:22:44
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answer #2
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answered by Meghan 2
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Ceres (Demeter), allegory of August: detail of a fresco by Cosimo Tura, Palazzo Schifanoia, Ferrara, 1469-70In Greek mythology Dêmêtêr /dÉ'miË.tÉ/ (Greek: ÎημήÏηÏ, "mother-earth" or perhaps "distribution-mother", perhaps from the noun of the Indo-European mother-earth *dheghom *mater) is the goddess of grain and agriculture, the pure nourisher of youth and the green earth, the health-giving cycle of life and death, and preserver of marriage and the sacred law. She is invoked as the "bringer of seasons" in the Homeric hymn, a subtle sign that she was worshiped long before the Olympians arrived. The Homeric Hymn to Demeter has been dated to sometime around the Seventh Century BC.[1] She and her daughter Persephone were the central figures of the Eleusinian Mysteries that also predated the Olympian pantheon.The Roman equivalent is Ceres, from whom the word "cereal" is derived.Demeter is easily confused with Gaia or Rhea, and with Cybele. The goddess's epithets reveal the span of her functions in Greek life. Demeter and Kore ("the maiden") are usually invoked as to theo ('"The Two Goddesses"), and they appear in that form in Linear B graffiti at Mycenaean Pylos in pre-classical times. A connection with the goddess-cults of Minoan Crete is quite possible.According to the Athenian rhetorician Isocrates, the greatest gifts which Demeter gave were cereal (also known as corn in modern Britain) which made man different from wild animals; and the Mysteries which give man higher hopes in this life and the afterlife.
2007-03-25 19:26:45
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answer #3
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answered by kissaled 5
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Demeter: Goddess of the Harvest, Mother of Persephone, Sister/Lover of Zeus, She is an Earth Goddess, her colors are green, brown, gold, and yellow.
2007-03-25 20:19:41
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answer #4
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answered by StormyC 5
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she was the goddess of corn. daughter of Cronus and rhea. sister to Zeus , who was Persephone's father. her festivals were at harvest time.she was beneficent but a moody goddess. she also feuded with her brother Poseidon who each spring would flood her fields. the word cereal was derived from her roman name ceres. there is one story of how she nursed demophoon , the son metaneira had borne to wise celeus. nurseing him into a god, demeter would give demophoon ambosia and at night she would place him into a fire to give him immortal youth. when the mother saw this she got reallly angry and demeter throw the baby to the floor..when metaneira saw that demeter was trying to help , demeter said that in orderto get back into her good graces the town had to build her a temple. in that temple is where she stayed while persephone was away.
2007-03-25 19:58:18
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answer #5
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answered by KATIEBUG 3
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The Greek earth goddess par excellence, who brings forth the fruits of the earth, particularly the various grains. She taught mankind the art of sowing and ploughing so they could end their nomadic existence. As such, Demeter was also the goddess of planned society. She was very popular with the rural population. As a fertility goddess she is sometimes identified with Rhea and Gaia.
Powers: Demeter was a goddess of fertility, grain, and agriculture. Demeter is pictured as a mature motherly figure.
Family of Origin: Demeter was a daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. Demeter was a sister of the goddesses Hestia and Hera, and the gods Poseidon, Hades, and Zeus.
Roman Equivalent: In Roman mythology Demeter was known as Ceres.
Goddess Demeter
Daughter to Rhea and Cronus.
known as the Goddess of harvests.Goddess of grain and fertility.
Her symbols are sceptre,torch corn grain.
She was honored at festivals such as Thesmophria.A fetility
festival only for woman.
her animal token..Lion.
Demeter Hymn
Nourish the corn,give us seed and fruit.
Watch over our harvest .
You dwell in your solitude,your gentle wisdom first
yoked ox to plow.
Give us sustance,green on every leaf.
Lucid,earthly,pure give us bliss.
Every winter you search for your young one,dragon drawn cariot.
Every summer you grace us with your rainbow flowers and fruit.
Give us peace wisdom health.
So Mote It Be
2007-03-25 19:23:03
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answer #6
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answered by ? 6
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You won't visit a website?
I think someone is looking for help on their homework!
Mysteries of Demeter by Jennifer Reif
Mysteries of Eleusis by Robert Turcan
If you are actually and honestly looking for some in depth information and analysis.
2007-03-26 15:34:33
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answer #7
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answered by Mike G 3
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In Greek mythology Dêmêtêr /dÉ'miË.tÉ/ (Greek: ÎημήÏηÏ, "mother-earth" or perhaps "distribution-mother", perhaps from the noun of the Indo-European mother-earth *dheghom *mater) is the goddess of grain and agriculture, the pure nourisher of youth and the green earth, the health-giving cycle of life and death, and preserver of marriage and the sacred law. She is invoked as the "bringer of seasons" in the Homeric hymn, a subtle sign that she was worshiped long before the Olympians arrived.
i hope this helped a little.
Reshma
2007-03-25 19:22:58
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answer #8
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answered by Reshma 1
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An earth godess of harvest
2007-03-26 15:25:52
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answer #9
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answered by coleman c 1
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