Can someone help me with these bilogy questions?

Question

Describe 3 real life of any situations where the parameters like Hb-Oxygen saturation, carbon dioxide levels, pH, and myoglobin levels in blood are measured
Will hyperventilation raise or lower blood pO2? blood pCO2? blood pH? Why?
Will emphysema raise or lower blood pO2? blood pCO2? blood pH? Why?

Answer 1

You have already mentioned 2 situations - hyperventilation and emphysema. Asthma is probably the most commonly tested illness where pH, O2 and CO2 really matter. Congestive heart failure and pneumonia also use these measures.

It's easier if you think about what is really happening to the body:
In hyperventilation, you breathe faster, increasing your O2 intake and exhaling too much CO2. It is the CO2 (when combined with water in the body making carbonic ACID) that controls the blood pH over the short term (the kidneys handle the long term pH, but that's next). So if too much CO2 is exhaled, the blood acidity goes down, or becomes more alkaline.
But hyperventilation is an ACUTE situation, it doesn't last very long.
For a condition that is chronic or long term, like emphysema, the problem there is that a person can't exhale enough CO2. The air stays trapped in their lungs.
So their blood CO2 would be increased. The O2 could be normal, low normal or low. But the blood pH would probably still be close to normal, because over the long term, the body won't tolerate a pH too far from 7.4 So to compensate for the excess carbonic acid, the kidneys get into the act and retain extra bicarbonate (a base) to neutralize the excess acidity.
This reaction doesn't happen as fast as the acute conditions.

Answer 2

Hb-oxygen saturation should be measured in carbon monoxide poisoning, CO2 levels sould be measured in respiratory acidosis, or when a person is under general anesthesia, pH should be measured in suspected cases of respiratory/metabolic acidosis/alkalosis, myoglobin levels are measured in cases of rhabdomyolysis, certain anemias and massive burns.

Hyperventilation lowers the blood pCO2, usually has little effect on pO2 and increases blood pH because CO2 dissolved in blood is acidic and CO2 has a twenty-fold permeability across the alveolar membrane compared to O2.

Emphysema lowers pO2, mildly increases pCO2 and mildly decreases blood pH. Emphysema impairs gas exchange at the alveolar level by destruction of alveoli and changes in the membrane.