Anyone who knows how to maintain a substation (electric)?

Question

is there any maintenance procedures on it?

Answer 1

Maintenance? We're supposed to do maintenance on them?

But seriously, the maintenance required generally depends on the size/type of substation and the types of equipment involved. Major substations often receive more attention than smaller, less critical sites.

Here are just a few of the items to consider:

Liquid filled transformers generally have an annual oil sample taken. These samples are sent to a labfor disolved gas analysis (DGA) to establish a baseline and monitor the trending of various hydrocarbons in the fluid.

Other transformer items to review include:
Liquid temperatures
Liquid levels
Head-space pressure/vacuum (space above the fluid in a sealed transformer)

Ideally regulators and Load-Tap-Changers (LTC's) should pass through the Neutral position once a month to exercise the reversing switch. You'll also want to record the drag hand positions and operations counter.

Oil filled circuit breakers will need substantially more maintenance than SF6 or vacuum breakers or reclosers.

Larger substations often have batteries to provide back-up control power. These batteries need routine monitoring to ensure they'll be ready when called upon. Specific gravity and voltage per cell are two of the more common tests.

Switches (manual or automatic) generally need periodic operation and/or lubrication.

Some of the more basic maintenance items include:
Vegetation management (ex. trim the weeds)
Elimination of bird nests or similar items that will attract larger wildlife.
Repair or replacement of damaged wildlife guards
Rodents love to chew on cables (power and/or control cables)
Replacement of blown arresters on equipment
Substation fence/gate security

On a hot day it is helpful to scan the substation equipment with a thermography camera that can identify hot spots such as overloaded equipment or poor connections.

Answer 2

Very good answer before me, except you need one more item.
Optelator for the off primis monitoring through the phone line. There is a 10,000 volt differential between the modem ground and the phone company ground. This item, the Optelator will break the differential because it has 5 inches of fiber optics to prevent the modem from cooking. If you cook a modem, the solder will melt and short out the board. Not a good thing.