Who organized the assassination of the Serbian king Alexander II in 1934 ?

Question

The assasin was Vlado Chernozemski, member of VMRO, Macedonian revolutionary organization. But who was the organizer : Hitler, Mussolini, or VMRO itself ?

Answer 1

After 19Th May 1934, Bulgaria started closed politics to Yugoslavia. That meant Bulgaria to revoke VMRO - Vancio Mihajlov was accused and got capital punishment, and he succeeded to escape in Constantinople. That was the reason for revenge. VMRO (Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization) doomed both Alexander and Kimon Georgiev. In the act of killing participated the hero Chernozemski and the ustashi-member Perchec. When Chernozemski shot in the notorious king, he used to say : Here you have "your" Macedonia. Bulgarian judicial system never revoked the judgment against Mihajlov - during WW2 he had to stay in Zagreb and he had come in Macedonia in November 1944, after Bulgarian capitulation.

Answer 2

On account of the deaths of three members of his family on a Tuesday, Alexander refused to undertake any public functions on that day. On Tuesday 9 October 1934, however, he had no choice, as he was arriving in Marseille to start a state visit to the Third French Republic, to strengthen the two countries' alliance in the Little Entente. While being driven in a car through the streets along with French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou, a gunman, Vlado Chernozemski, stepped from the street and shot the King and the chauffeur. The Minister was accidentally shot by a French policeman and died later.
Assassination of Alexander I
Assassination of Alexander I

It was one of the first assassinations captured on film; the shooting occurred straight in front of the cameraman, who was only feet away at the time. The cameraman captured not merely the assassination but the immediate aftermath; the body of the chauffeur (who had been killed instantly) became jammed against the brakes of the car, allowing the cameraman to continue filming from within inches of the King for a number of minutes afterwards.

The assassin, Vlado Chernozemski — driver of the leader of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization Ivan Mihailov and experienced marksman — was cut down by the sword of a mounted French policeman, then beaten by the crowd. By the time he was removed from the scene, he was already dead.

The film record of Alexander I's assassination remains one of the most historic pieces of newsreel in existence, alongside the film of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia's coronation, the funerals of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Emperor Franz Josef of Austria, and the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

King Alexander I was buried in the Memorial Church of St. George, which had been built by his father. As his son Peter II was still a minor, Alexander's first cousin Prince Pavle Karadjordjevic took the regency of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In accordance with his last will he has been buried after more than 50 years in a mausoleum in Beograd; in an ethnic roaring period as symbol of Serbian nationalism.

Answer 3

It was actually King Alexander I not II who was assassinated and It was not the VMRO who organized it but, the IMRO who was behind it. Vlado was the driver of Ivan Mihailov and Alexander and Mihailov were associated with opposing factions. Ivan Mihailov was, at the time the leader of the IMRO and it is speculated that he was directly behind the assassination of the king.

Answer 4

http://www.macedoniainfo.com/Independent_Macedonia.htm :
What he [Vlado Chernozemsky] did in Marseille could not be called an assassination. This is so clear for everyone who has some knowledge of King Alexander’s regime and Belgrade’s plans. It actually means that the assassinator was Alexander and Belgrade policy. Vlado himself was only the executor of the punishment that many peoples had pronounced on him through thousands of curses and floods of tears and blood. Some of these people were Macedonian Bulgarians, Croatians, Albanians, as well as millions of other discontented people in other ethnic groups in the country – there were some Serbians among them as well.” The above words are written in Book IV of my memoirs, in the Chapter entitled “The Event in Marseille.”
All people in our country, and at least the majority of other peoples in Yugoslavia exulted over the news that the Serbian king had been punished. I know that my own mother, at the time living due to necessity in Serbia with her family, had asked my younger brother twice to take her to Belgrade to see in the museum the revolver with which the king had been assassinated. The blessing was evidently directed at the one who had punished the people’s tyrant king Alexander, but it is clear that it had replaced also the blessings of numberless widows and orphans that were victims of the regime.

The assassination of the king was a result of his countless offenses.

The convictions of the one who put an end to Alexander Karageorgievich’s life in Marseilles, and his disposition, which is understandable, are the convictions and dispositions of the whole IMRO. By the way, our people have correctly answered in songs where punishment came from for the criminal Crown in Belgrade.

I have no information about the participation of Hitler’s Germany or the Soviet Union in Alexander Karageorgievich’s assassination.


http://www.watsoninstitute.org/pub_detail.cfm?id=132 :
Why did Alexander die?

The newsreel reports that the trigger in Marseilles was pulled by "a Croat terrorist, bound by a blood oath." Again, the sense given is of a man cut down by primordial forces at work in his own neighborhood. Over the next few days of media coverage, though, a different story emerged. On the assassin's body a Czech passport was found, identifying him as Petrus Kalemen. Nationality was less clear: was he Croat? Or was he Czech, or Hungarian? Before that discussion had subsided, it was reported that the passport was forged, and attention then turned to a more permanent mark of identification, a tattoo on his left arm. Although different details were given, all agreed it included a skull and crossbones and some capital letters. A Yugoslav journalist who saw the tattoo told the press corps it was the symbol of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organization: fingerprints were sent from Paris and Sofia to Belgrade, and on October 17 it was officially announced that the killer was Vlado Chernozemski, Mihailov's former right-hand man. A number of other individuals were arrested in France and charged as accomplices: all were Croats, and when they were interrogated, the plot thickened further. Ante Pavelic, the head of a Croatian nationalist and terrorist group known as the Ustashe, was implicated. The Macedonian connection was complemented by assertions of Hungarian complicity: allegedly, the killers had trained there before the camps had been closed down.

Yugoslavia issued charges against Hungary. In defense, Hungary's foreign minister Tibor Eckhardt pointed to Yugoslavia's internal woes, where at least some Croats and Macedonians nursed resentment at their second-class status and Serbian oppression. Eckhardt further asserted that Alexander's death sentence was passed not in Hungary, but in Croat communities such as those in Buenos Aires and Youngstown Ohio (Chicago Daily Tribune December 8 pp.1-2: Eckhardt 1964:164). Lastly, he launched a counter-attack, indicating the much stronger evidence of Italian involvement which Yugoslavia, and her West European allies, appeared to be ignoring. Other sources also cast the net of conspiracy further. The Daily Mail on October 12 carried a story that what the assassinations in Marseilles confirmed was the existence of a murder plot to destroy peace in Europe. The violent deaths of Alexander and Barthou were the successors to those of Ion Duca, Rumanian leader killed by right-wingers, and Dolfuss, chancellor of Austria, victim of Nazi thugs. The story speculated that Titulescu, Rumanian foreign minister, might be next.4 Newspapers in the internationally governed Saar region of Germany and in Russia accused Hitler's Nazi Régime of involvement--a line taken up after the Second World War in East Germany, where researchers claimed the existence of a plan code-named Teutonschwert. (Thorndike, Thorndike and Roddatz 1959).5

The mix of rumor and hard evidence regarding criminal conspiracy was further complicated by allegations that the negligence of the French police was not accidental, but the product of planning. Potentially embarrassing too was the discrepancy between the number and direction of shots fired by the assailant, and the number of civilian spectators killed or wounded by gunfire: some officers, it appeared, panicked and fired into the crowd.6 Italy and Germany did not cooperate in the investigation. Neither Britain, where appeasers remained powerful, nor France where the strongly anti-German Barthou was replaced by Pierre Laval, mustered the political will to challenge their recalcitrance. The small fry who had been captured in France all served some prison time, and Hungary was censured. No further efforts were made to delve too deeply into an issue, which many saw as a flashpoint that might spark a new war in Europe. And so the causes for Alexander's death were pinned on the local squabbling that he and other Balkan leaders had been striving to end.

Answer 5

VMRO itself

Answer 6

V.M.R.O.

Answer 7

try www.wikipedia.org