Oni- Depictions of oni vary widely but usually portray them as hideous, gigantic creatures with sharp claws, wild hair, and two long horns growing from their heads. They are humanoid for the most part, but occasionally, they are shown with unnatural features such as odd numbers of eyes or extra fingers and toes. Their skin may be any number of colors, but blue, black, purple, pink, brown, green, white, and especially red, are particularly common. Their fierce appearance is only enhanced by the tiger-skin loincloths they tend to wear and the iron clubs they favor, called kanabÅ (éæ£, kanabÅ?). This image leads to the expression "oni with an iron club" (鬼ã«éæ£, oni-ni-kanabÅ?), that is, to be invincible or undefeatable. It can also be used in the sense of "strong beyond strong", or having one's natural quality enhanced or supplemented by the use of some tool.
Kappa- Kappa (河童, Kappa? "river-child"), alternately called GatarÅ (å·å¤ªé, GatarÅ? "river-boy") or Kawako (å·å, Kawako? "river-child") , are legendary creatures; a type of water imp found in Japanese folklore. However they are also considered to be a part of cryptozoology, due to apparent sightings. In Shintoism they are considered to be one of many suijin (literally "water-deity").
Tengu- Tengu (天ç, Tengu? "heavenly dogs") are a class of supernatural creatures found in Japanese folklore, art, theater, and literature. They are one of the best known yÅkai (monster-spirits) and are sometimes worshipped as Shinto kami (revered spirits or gods). Although they take their name from a dog-like Chinese demon, the tengu were originally thought to take the forms of birds of prey, and they are traditionally depicted with both human and avian characteristics. The earliest tengu were pictured with beaks, but this feature has often been humanized as an unnaturally long nose, which today is practically the tengu's defining characteristic in the popular imagination.
Buddhism long held that the tengu were disruptive demons and harbingers of war. Their image gradually softened, however, into one of protective, if still dangerous, spirits of the mountains and forests. Tengu are associated with the ascetic practice known as ShugendÅ, and they are usually depicted in the distinctive garb of its followers
YÅkai- YÅkai (å¦æª, YÅkai? "apparitions", "spirits", or "demons", also romanized youkai, yokai, or yookai) are a class of obake, creatures in Japanese folklore (many with Chinese origins) ranging from the evil oni to the mischievous kitsune or snow woman Yuki-onna. Some possess part animal and part human features (e.g. Kappa and Tengu). YÅkai generally have a sort of spiritual or supernatural power, and so encounters with human beings tend to be dangerous. YÅkai also have different motives and agendas from human beings, which are often completely incomprehensible.
Japanese folklorists and historians use yÅkai as "supernatural or unaccountable phenomena to their informants". In Edo period, many artists, such as Toriyama Sekien, created a lot of yÅkai inspired by folklore or their own ideas, and present day not a few yÅkai created by them (e.g. Kameosa and Amikiri, see below) wrongly considered as a legendary origin.[citation needed]
Some yÅkai simply avoid human beings; they generally inhabit secluded areas far from human dwellings. Other yÅkai, however, choose to live near human settlements out of some strange attraction to mankind; perhaps they are drawn by the warmth of human houses, or the oil that humans keep to feed their fires. YÅkai are traditionally associated with fire, the direction northeast, and the season of summer, when the spirit world is closest to the world of humans. YÅkai and obake are often depicted in guises as much humorous as terrifying.
Manga artist Shigeru Mizuki popularized many types of yÅkai in his works since the 1960s (e.g. one-eyed yÅkai superhero Ge Ge Ge no Kitaro). Lafcadio Hearn's collection of Japanese ghost stories entitled Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things includes stories of yÅ«rei and yÅkai such as Yuki-onna
YÅ«rei- According to Japanese beliefs, all humans have a spirit/soul called a éé (reikon). When they die, the reikon leaves the body and enters a form of purgatory, where it waits for the proper funeral and post-funeral rites to be performed, so that it may join its ancestors. If this is done correctly, the reikon becomes a protector of the living family, and returns yearly in August during the Obon Festival to receive thanks.
However, if the person dies in a sudden or shocking manner such as murder or suicide, or if the proper rites have not been performed, or if they are influenced by powerful emotions such as spite, love, jealousy, hatred or sorrow, the reikon may transform into a yūrei, which can then bridge the gap back to the physical world.
Not everyone is able to manifest as a yūrei, however, and it requires someone who has extra psychological and emotional strength.
The yūrei then continues to exist on Earth until it can be laid to rest, either by performing the missing rituals, or resolving the emotional conflict that still ties it to the physical plane. If the rituals are not completed or the conflict left unresolved, the yūrei will persist in its haunting.
2007-03-17 16:29:02
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answer #3
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answered by Krayden 6
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