list of prefixes and suffixes?

Answer 1

This is by no means exhaustive but it includes the most common prefixes and suffixes...hope it helps

Suffixes

Suffixes can change the word-class and the meaning of the word.

Common noun suffixes

-er is used for the person who does an activity, e.g. writer, worker, shopper, teacher. You can use -er with a wide range of verbs to make them into nouns.
Sometimes, the -er suffix is written as -or instead of -er, e.g. actor, operator, sailor, supervisor.
-er/-or are also used for things which do a particular job, e.g. pencil-sharpener, bottle-opener, grater, projector.
-er and -ee contrast with each other meaning 'person who does something.' (-er) and 'person who receives or experiences the action' (-ee), e.g. employer/employee,
sender/addressee, signee (e.g. of a cheque).
-(t)ion is used to make nouns from verbs.
complication, pollution, reduction, alteration, donation, admission

-ist [person] and -ism [activity or ideology]: used for people's politics, beliefs and ideologies,
and sometimes profession (compare with -er/-or professions above), e.g. Marxism, Buddhism, journalism, anarchist, physicist, terrorist.
-ist is also often used for people who play musical instruments, e.g. pianist, violinist, cellist.
-ness is used to make nouns from adjectives: goodness, readiness, forgetfulness, happiness, sadness, weakness.
,
Adjective suffix
-able/-ible with verbs, means 'can be done'.
drinkable, washable, readable, recognizable, countable, forgivable, edible(can be eaten), flexible (can be bent)

Verbs
-ise (or -ize) makes verbs from adjectives, e.g. modernise, commercialise, industrialise.

Other suffixes that can help you recognise the word class

-ment: (nouns) excitement, enjoyment, replacement
-ity: (nouns) flexibility, productivity, scarcity
-hood: (abstract nouns especially family terms) childhood, motherhood
-ship: (abstract nouns especially status) friendship, partnership, membership
-ive: (adjectives)passive, productive, active
-al (adjectives) brutal, legal (nouns) refusal, arrival
-ous: (adjectives) delicious, outrageous, furious
-ful: (adjectives) forgetful, hopeful, useful
-less: (adjectives) useless, harmless
-ify: (verbs) beautify, purify, terrify



Prefixes are often used to give adjectives a negative meaning. The opposite of 'comfortable'
is 'uncomfortable', the opposite of 'convenient' is 'inconvenient' and the opposite of 'similar'
is 'dissimilar'. Other examples are 'unjust', 'inedible', 'disloyal'. Unfortunately, there is no easy way of knowing which prefix any adjective will use to form its opposite. When you learn a new adjective note down whether it has an opposite formed with a prefix and, if so,
what it is.

Note:
in- becomes im- before a root beginning with 'm' or 'p', e.g. immature, impatient, impartial, improbable. Similarly in- becomes ir- before a word beginning with 'r', and il- before a word beginning with 'l', e.g. irreplaceable, irreversible, illegal, illegible, illiterate.
The prefix in- does not always have a negative meaning - often it gives the idea of inside or into, e.g. internal, import, insert, income.

Although it is mainly adjectives which are made negative by prefixes, un- and dis- can also form the opposites of verbs too, e.g. appear/disappear. The prefix is used here to reverse the action of the verb. Here are some more examples: disagree, disapprove, disbelieve, disconnect, discredit, dislike, dismount, disprove, disqualify, unbend, undo, undress, unfold, unload, unlock, unveil, unwrap, unzip.

Many other prefixes are used in English. Here is a list of prefixes which are useful in helping you to understand unfamiliar words.

Prefix meaning examples:


Anti- against: anti-war, antisocial, antibiotic
Auto- of or by oneself: autograph, auto-pilot, autobiography
bi- two, twice: bicycle, bi-monthly, biannual, bilingual
ex- former : ex-wife, ex-student, ex-president
ex- out of: extract, exhale, excommunicate
micro- small: micro-computer, microwave, microscopic
mis- badly/wrongly: misunderstand, mistranslate, misinform
mono –one/single: monotonous, monologue, monogamous
multi- many: multi-national, multi-purpose, multi-racial
over- too much: overdo, overtired, oversleep, overeat
post- after: postwar, postgraduate, post-revolutionary
Pro- in favour of: pro-government, pro-revolutionary
Pseudo- false: pseudo-scientific, pseudo-intellectual
Re- again or back: retype, reread, replace, rewind
Semi- half: semicircular, semi-final, semi-detached
Sub- under: subway, submarine, subdivision
Under- not enough: underworked, underused, undercooked

Answer 2

It would be helpful if you had some info on your profile page like what country you are from, maybe? your studies/education and interests.
Also try to be specific when asking a question, prefixes are not only used in linguistics but, in mathematics, and several other science's.

Answer 3

In which of the 4000 or so languages of the world?

Answer 4

These links will give you the lists you need, and examples of each:
http://www.virtualsalt.com/roots.htm
ueno.cool.ne.jp/let/prefix.html
This link will help you to practice:
http://www.quia.com/jg/66094.html

Answer 5

thanks for all the answers!