What is JPEG &MPEG?

Answer 1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG

Answer 2

Wow. Do some people really have to make something simple complicated or what? Anyways, to make it SIMPLE :-), JPEG and MPEG are compression formats. JPEG compresses still pictures, and MPEG compresses video. In this case, compression means to reduce the size of the file by removing unnecessary information, while still preserving quality. In other words, it's not like a .zip file where there's no loss, you will get quality loss (even if it's only a little bit), with JPEG and MPEG. However, the aim of the codec is to try to make that quality loss less noticeable, so while all codecs will reduce size, certain types of JPEG and MPEG will allow you to reduce size and still keep a fairly high level of quality. Hope this helps!

Answer 3

both are visual compression formats. jpeg is used as a way to save large raster images as a smaller file size while retaining decent image quality. mpeg is a way to do basically the same thing but with video. mpeg-2 is the common dvd format.

Answer 4

JPEG [Joint Photographic Experts Group]:
This is one of the image formats.
And MPEG is one of the video formats.

Answer 5

JPEG is something to do with a image and MPEG is something to do with video.

Answer 6

They are computer image formats. Some other image formats are: GIF, BMP, PNG, TIFF, DIB. There are lots more that I can't say right now because there are other 100s and those are the ones I can remember right now. I think MPEG is a video format standing for: Moving Picture Experts Group. The Moving Picture Experts Group or MPEG is a working group of ISO/IEC charged with the development of video and audio encoding standards. Its first meeting was in May of 1988 in Ottawa, Canada. As of late 2005, MPEG has grown to include approximately 350 members per meeting from various industries, universities, and research institutions. In computing, JPEG is a commonly used standard method of compression for photographic images. The name JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is an 8-bit-per-pixel bitmap image format that was introduced by CompuServe in 1987 and has since come into widespread usage on the World Wide Web due to its wide support and portability. .BMP or .DIB (device-independent bitmap) is a bitmapped graphics format used internally by the Microsoft Windows and OS/2 graphics subsystem (GDI), and used commonly as a simple graphics file format on those platforms. PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression. PNG was created to improve and replace the GIF format, as an image-file format not requiring a patent license. PNG is pronounced "ping" (/pɪŋ/ in IPA), but can be spoken "P-N-G" to avoid confusion with network tool ping. PNG is supported by the libpng reference library (platform-independent), with C functions for handling PNG images. Tagged Image File Format (abbreviated TIFF) is a file format for mainly storing images, including photographs and line art. Originally created by the company Aldus, jointly with Microsoft, for use with PostScript printing, TIFF is a popular format for high color depth images, along with JPEG and PNG. Sorry for the long messge. I was glad to be of help. So I hope this helps. :)

Answer 7

JPEG is image format and MPEG is video format.

Answer 8

JPEG:

In computing, JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg; IPA: [ˈdʒeɪpɛg]) is a commonly used standard method of compression for photographic images. The name JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, the name of the committee who created the standard. The group was organized in 1986, issuing a standard in 1992 which was approved in 1994 as ISO 10918-1. JPEG should not be confused with MPEG, the Moving Picture Experts Group, which produces compression schemes for motion pictures.

JPEG provides for lossy compression of images (although there are variations on the standard baseline JPEG which are lossless). The file format which employs this compression is commonly also called JPEG; the most common file extension for this format is .jpg, though .jpeg, .jpe, .jfif and .jif are also used.

JPEG itself specifies both the codec defining how an image is transformed into a stream of bytes, and the file format used to contain that stream. The file format is known as 'JPEG Interchange Format' (Often confused with the JPEG File Interchange Format), and is specified in Annex B of the standard. It is possible for JPEG data to be embedded in other file types, such as TIFF format images.

JPEG/JFIF is the format most used for storing and transmitting photographs on the World Wide Web. For this application, it is preferred to formats such as GIF, which has a limit of 256 distinct colors that is insufficient for color photographs, and PNG, which produces much larger image files for this type of image. The compression algorithm is not as well suited for line drawings and other textual or iconic graphics, and thus the PNG and GIF formats are preferred for these types of images.

MPEG:

The Moving Picture Experts Group or MPEG is a working group of ISO/IEC charged with the development of video and audio encoding standards. Its first meeting was in May of 1988 in Ottawa, Canada. As of late 2005, MPEG has grown to include approximately 350 members per meeting from various industries, universities, and research institutions. MPEG's official designation is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 WG11.

MPEG has standardized the following compression formats and ancillary standards:

MPEG-1: Initial video and audio compression standard. Later used as the standard for Video CD, and includes the popular Layer 3 (MP3) audio compression format.
MPEG-2: Transport, video and audio standards for broadcast-quality television. Used for over-the-air digital television ATSC, DVB and ISDB, digital satellite TV services like Dish Network, digital cable television signals, and (with slight modifications[citation needed]) for DVDs.
MPEG-3: Originally designed for HDTV, but abandoned when it was discovered that MPEG-2 (with extensions) was sufficient for HDTV. (Do not confuse with MP3, which is MPEG-1 Layer 3.)
MPEG-4: Expands MPEG-1 to support video/audio "objects", 3D content, low bitrate encoding and support for Digital Rights Management. Several new (newer than MPEG-2 Video) higher efficiency video standards are included (an alternative to MPEG-2 Video), notably:
MPEG-4 Part 2 (or Advanced Simple Profile) and
MPEG-4 Part 10 (or Advanced Video Coding or H.264). MPEG-4 Part 10 may be used on HD DVD and Blu-ray discs, along with VC-1 and MPEG-2.

Answer 9

Compression standards for interchangable (portable) media.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a still photo standard, although they also have a moving picture standard called M-JPEG or Moving JPEG.

MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) is a series of compression standards used to work with video and audio of which MPEG2 is used for DVDs and Digital TV and HDTV and MPEG3 is used for audio (IPod or MP3). MPEG4 is sometimes uses for video in kids cameras.

VOB is a container that generates a file that is mostly MP2 comptabile but holds more information than the typical MP2 file. It is used in DVD work.

AVI is another container that is NOT patterned after MP2 but patterened after RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format) and has less artifact and loss during compression,

A container is not a compression system. It is more a file system. The compression part comes from the method, such as MPEG2, MPEG3, MPEG4, MJPEG, RIFF, TIFF, BMP. The container is simply how the media is pacakged. For example DVD is packaged with PICTURE (MP2), Audio (WAV), titles, subtitles, menus and ALL of this is COMPRESSED by MPEG2 algorithms and put into a VOB container.

JPEG and MPEG are very comilar concepts. They use complex math algorithms (based on Calculus) to compress the image data.

A RAW or Bit Maped file stores the actual 24 or 36 bit RGB values for each pixel in a long continuous stream.

JPEG and MPEG files convert the RGB color into three monochrome representations called YIQ of which Y is the brightness or luminance and IQ are two color schemes (one is greenish and on his orange or magentish), a very similar process used by analog TV and also used in Digital TV.

Further the pixels, themselves are quantized and compressed in blocks.

MPEG2 and Moving JPEG also remove redundant (repeative) data, such as a white sign, solid blue sky and turn this into a mapped area. They also only store changed image information. A shot of a city, for example, is almost static. They'd only change things that move like trees or leaves on trees.

When thinking in these terms, one has to think about the animated cartoon. RAW images are like Disney's Flowers and Trees made in 1931 using full 24 frame animation, while MPEG2 movies are like the Flinstones made by Hanna-Barbera in the 1960s using "limited animation" where only the head and feet and background changes. Disney drew full body characters until the late 1950s when even he had to changed to limited animation for cost reasons. In 1950 it was discovered by Busustow (Gerald McBoing Boing and Mr. Magoo) and others than shooting double frame (12 not 24 frames) also saved money. Two frames of the same shot instead of 24 different shots.
In RAW format a single frame of video would require over 1 million color values, while in MPEG2 or MJPEG it would require far far less values and smaller values that are reconstituted by an algorithm.

The actual differences between JPEG and MPEG are mostly the algorithms (math or calculus figures involved) and how a given area is quantized.

This is what CODEX are about. Different software uses different CODEX (or algorthms to encode and decode) or may not have all CODEX. My Corel Photo Paint, for example, didn't license or buy a CODEX for interlaced JPEG, hence I must use Adobe Photo Shop to open these files and re-save them as non-interleaved JPEGs.

This is taken from a reference source and gives you an idea of how both actually work:

MPEG-2 specifies that the raw frames be compressed into three kinds of frames: I(ntra-coded)-frames, P(redictive-coded)-frames, and B (idirectionally predictive-coded) -frames.

An I-frame is a compressed version of a single uncompressed (raw) frame. It takes advantage of spatial redundancy and of the inability of the eye to detect certain changes in the image. Unlike P-frames and B-frames, I-frames do not depend on data in the preceding or the following frames. Briefly, the raw frame is divided into 8 pixel by 8 pixel blocks. The data in each block is transformed by a discrete cosine transform. The result is an 8 by 8 matrix of coefficients. The transform converts spatial variations into frequency variations, but it does not change the information in the block; the original block can be recreated exactly by applying the inverse cosine transform. The advantage of doing this is that the image can now be simplified by quantizing the coefficients. Many of the coefficients, usually the higher frequency components, will then be zero. The penalty of this step is the loss of some subtle distinctions in brightness and color. If one applies the inverse transform to the matrix after it is quantized, one gets an image that looks very similar to the original image but that is not quite as nuanced. Next, the quantized coefficient matrix is itself compressed. Typically, one corner of the quantized matrix is filled with zeros. By starting in the opposite corner of the matrix, then zigzaging through the matrix to combine the coefficients into a string, then substituting run-length codes for consecutive zeros in that string, and then applying Huffman coding to that result, one reduces the matrix to a smaller array of numbers. It is this array that is broadcast or that is put on DVDs. In the receiver or the player, the whole process is reversed, enabling the receiver to reconstruct, to a close approximation, the original frame.