A VERRY GOOD QUESTION DEAR I HAVE JUST DONE AN ESSAY ON THIS IN MY UNI COURSE HOPE THIS INFO HELPS YOU!
Sitting in the heat of the sun, working out at the gym, giving a presentation at work — all of these activities can make you sweat. It's both natural and healthy to sweat under these conditions. In fact, when you're exposed to heat, strenuous exercise or extreme emotional stress, you may lose several quarts of fluid in perspiration. A pea-sized bead of sweat can cool nearly 1 liter (about 1 quart) of blood 1 degree Fahrenheit.
Sometimes, however, the complex mechanism of perspiration goes awry, resulting in either excessive perspiration (hyperhidrosis) or little or no perspiration (anhidrosis). Excessive sweating can be embarrassing and may sometimes signal a more serious health problem. Anhidrosis is potentially life-threatening.
Yet for most people, sweating is simply a minor nuisance. The odor that sometimes occurs when you sweat is probably more troublesome. Although perspiration is practically odorless, it can take on an unpleasant smell when it comes into contact with bacteria on your skin. If you find this offensive, you're not alone — Americans spend hundreds of millions of dollars a year on antiperspirants and deodorants.
Signs and symptoms:
Healthy people sweat, but when, where and how much varies widely. Factors that cause most people to sweat include:
Exercise, especially strenuous exercise
Hot weather
Nervousness, anxiety or stress
Perspiration that's triggered by emotion is most likely to occur on your face, in your armpits, on your palms and on the soles of your feet. But how much you sweat and even the way your sweat smells can be influenced by your mood, your diet, some drugs and medical conditions, and even your hormone levels. What's more — unfair as it seems — some people inherit a tendency to sweat heavily, especially on their soles and palms.
Because it's almost impossible to define normal sweating, try to learn what's normal for you. That will help you pinpoint any unusual changes.
Causes
Your skin has two types of sweat glands: eccrine glands and apocrine glands. Eccrine glands occur over most of your body and open directly onto the surface of your skin. Apocrine glands develop in areas abundant in hair follicles, such as on your scalp, armpits and groin.
You have between 2 million and 5 million eccrine sweat glands. When your body temperature rises, your autonomic nervous system stimulates these glands to secrete fluid onto the surface of your skin, where it cools your body as it evaporates. This fluid (perspiration) is composed mainly of water and salt (sodium chloride) and contains trace amounts of other electrolytes — substances that help regulate the balance of fluids in your body — as well as substances such as urea.
Apocrine glands, on the other hand, secrete a fatty sweat directly into the tubule of the gland. When you're under emotional stress, the wall of the tubule contracts and the sweat is pushed to the surface of your skin where bacteria begin breaking it down. Most often, it's the bacterial breakdown of apocrine sweat that causes an odor.
A number of factors can affect how much you sweat as well as your sweat's smell. Certain foods, drugs or medical conditions can cause excessive sweating, whereas drugs or conditions may interfere with your ability to perspire normally.
Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)
Some people sweat more than others for no apparent reason. But some factors may make you sweat heavily. These include:
Heredity. Some people inherit a tendency to sweat excessively, especially on their palms and the soles of their feet.
Certain foods and beverages. Drinking hot beverages and those that contain caffeine or alcohol can make you sweat. Eating spicy foods can, too.
Certain drugs. Drugs that can cause excessive sweating include some antipsychotic medications used to treat mental disorders, morphine and excess doses of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. Analgesics, such as aspirin and acetaminophen (Tylenol), also increase sweating.
Menopause. Women going through menopause may experience hot flashes — a rise in temperature accompanied by sweating and a feeling of intense heat — due to a drop in estrogen levels. Some menopausal women may also be awakened at night by soaking sweats followed by chills.
Low levels of male hormones. Men with low levels of the male hormone testosterone or a condition known as hypogonadism — caused by reduced functioning of the testicles — also can have hot flashes.
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This occurs when the level of sugar in your blood drops below a certain level. It's most common in people with diabetes who take insulin or oral medications that enhance the action of insulin. Early signs and symptoms include sweating, shakiness, weakness, hunger, dizziness and nausea. Some people may develop low blood sugar after eating, especially if they've had stomach or intestinal surgery. In rare cases, your body may produce too much of the pancreatic hormone insulin, leading to low blood sugar.
Fevers. Fever occurs when your temperature rises above its normal range. You may have a fever with many types of bacterial and viral infections. When your body temperature finally begins to return to normal, known as "breaking of the fever," you may sweat profusely, which is your body's way of dissipating the excess heat. Shaking chills after the fever are your body's attempt to raise its core temperature. Repeated episodes of fever followed by sweating and chills may indicate a serious infection or other illness.
Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Sometimes the thyroid gland produces excess amounts of the hormone thyroxine. This can cause a number of signs and symptoms, including weight loss, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness and increased sensitivity to heat. It may also cause you to perspire much more than normal.
Heart attack. This occurs when a loss of blood supply damages or destroys part of your heart muscle. The signs and symptoms of a heart attack include pressure; fullness or squeezing pain in your chest that lasts for a few minutes or pain that extends beyond your chest to your shoulder, arm or back; shortness of breath; and intense sweating. If you experience these symptoms, get immediate medical care. Every minute counts during a heart attack.
Tuberculosis. In 2002, this chronic bacterial infection of the lungs affected more than 15,000 people in the United States. When left untreated, tuberculosis can be fatal. Among its signs and symptoms are a cough, fever and night sweats.
Malaria. Malaria affects millions of people worldwide. The disease occurs primarily in tropical and subtropical countries, but just over 1,000 new cases are reported each year in the United States, primarily among people returning from other parts of the world. The signs and symptoms are related to the life cycle of the parasite that causes malaria, and may begin anywhere from eight days to one year after you've been infected. Initially, you may have chills, headache, vomiting and nausea, but as your body temperature falls, you begin to sweat profusely. The cycle may recur every 48 to 72 hours.
Certain types of cancer. Leukemia and lymphoma can produce unusual sweating patterns.
See your doctor if you suddenly begin to sweat more than usual or experience night sweats for no apparent reason. A cold sweat is usually your body's response to a serious illness, anxiety or severe pain. Seek immediate medical attention for a cold sweat, especially if you have symptoms of lightheadedness or chest and stomach pains.
Also talk to your doctor if you notice a change in body odor — it may be a sign of certain medical conditions. A fruity smell, for example, may be a sign of diabetes, and an ammonia smell could indicate liver or kidney disease. In addition, a rare condition known as fish-odor syndrome (trimethylaminuria) causes an odor similar to rotting fish. People with fish-odor syndrome have a defective gene that prevents them from metabolizing trimethylamine (TMA), a natural byproduct of the digestion of some foods, such as saltwater fish, eggs and liver.
2007-03-13 17:59:42
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answer #6
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answered by andi24 2
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