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just wanna no

2007-03-08 12:22:17 · 48 answers · asked by Anonymous in Society & Culture Religion & Spirituality

48 answers

atheist .......


Atheism is the disbelief[1] in the existence of any deities.[2] It is contrasted with theism, the belief in a God or gods. Atheism is commonly defined as the positive belief that deities do not exist, or as the deliberate rejection of theism.[3][4][5] However, others—including most atheistic philosophers and groups—define atheism as the simple absence of belief in deities[6][7][8] (cf. nontheism), thereby designating many agnostics, and people who have never heard of gods, such as newborn children, as atheists as well.[9][10] In recent years, some atheists have adopted the terms strong and weak atheism to clarify whether they consider their stance one of positive belief (strong atheism) or the mere absence of belief (weak atheism).[11][12][13]

Many self-described atheists share common skeptical concerns regarding supernatural claims, citing a lack of empirical evidence for the existence of deities. Other rationales for atheism range from the philosophical to the social to the historical. Although atheists tend toward secular philosophies such as humanism, rationalism, and naturalism, there is no one ideology or set of behaviors that all atheists adhere to.[14][15][16]

In Western culture, atheists are frequently assumed to be irreligious or non-spiritual.[17] However, some religious and spiritual beliefs, such as several forms of Buddhism, have been described by outside observers as conforming to the broader, negative definition of atheism due to their lack of any participating deities.[18][19] Atheism is also sometimes equated with antitheism (opposition to theism) or antireligion (opposition to religion), despite many atheists not holding such views.[20]

Positive definition: atheism as the belief that no deities exist

There are three major traditions in defining atheism and its subdivisions. The first tradition understands atheism very broadly, as including both those who believe that no god or gods exist (strong atheism) and those who are simply not theists (weak atheism). George H. Smith, Michael Martin, and Antony Flew fall into this tradition, though they do not use the same terminology. The second tradition understands atheism more narrowly, as the conscious rejection of theism, and does not consider absence of theistic belief or suspension of judgment concerning theism to be forms of atheism. Ernest Nagel, Paul Edwards and Kai Nielsen are prominent members of this camp.

A third tradition, seldom used by atheists, understands atheism even more narrowly than that. Here, atheism is defined in the strongest possible terms, as the positive belief that there are no deities. Under this definition, all weak atheism, whether implicit or explicit, may be considered non-atheistic. However, this usage is not exclusive to theists; atheistic philosopher Theodore Drange uses this definition.[42]

The definition of atheism as a "belief" or "doctrine" reflects a view of atheism as a specific ideological stance, as opposed to the rejection or simple absence of a belief.[43]

In philosophical and atheist circles, however, this definition is often disputed and even rejected. The broader, negative has become increasingly popular in recent decades, with many specialized textbooks dealing with atheism favoring it.[44] One prominent atheist writer who disagrees with the broader definition of atheism, however, is Ernest Nagel, who considers atheism to be the rejection of theism (which George H. Smith labeled as explicit atheism, or anti-theism): "Atheism is not to be identified with sheer unbelief... Thus, a child who has received no religious instruction and has never heard about God, is not an atheist—for he is not denying any theistic claims."[45]

Some atheists argue for a positive definition of atheism on the grounds that defining atheism negatively, as "the negation of theistic belief", makes it "parasitic on religion" and not an ideology in its own right. While most atheists welcome having atheism cast as non-ideological, in order to avoid potentially framing their view as one requiring "faith", writers such as Julian Baggini prefers to analyze atheism as part of a general philosophical movement towards naturalism in order to emphasize the explanatory power of a non-supernatural worldview.[46] Baggini rejects the negative definition based on his view that it implies that atheism is dependent on theism for its existence: "atheism no more needs religion than atheists do".[47] Harbour,[48] Thrower,[49] and Nielsen, similarly, have used philosophical naturalism to make a positive argument for atheism. Michael Martin notes that the view that "naturalism is compatible with nonatheism is true only if 'god' is understood in a most peculiar and misleading way", but he also points out that "atheism does not entail naturalism".[50]

[edit] Negative definition: atheism as the absence of belief in deities

Further information: Nontheism, Implicit and explicit atheism, Weak and strong atheism

A chart showing the relationship between weak/strong and implicit/explicit atheism. Strong atheism is always explicit, and implicit atheism is always weak.
A chart showing the relationship between weak/strong and implicit/explicit atheism. Strong atheism is always explicit, and implicit atheism is always weak.

Among modern atheists, the view that atheism simply means "without theistic beliefs" has a great deal of currency.[51] This very broad definition is often justified by reference to the etymology (cf. privative a),[11][52] as well as to the consistent usage of the word by atheists.[53] However, others have dismissed the former justification as an etymological fallacy and the latter on the grounds that majority usage outweighs minority usage.[54]

Although this definition of atheism is frequently disputed, it is not a recent invention; as far back as 1772, d'Holbach said that "All children are born Atheists; they have no idea of God".[55] More recently, science fiction author George H. Smith (1979) put forth a similar view:

"The man who is unacquainted with theism is an atheist because he does not believe in a god. This category would also include the child without the conceptual capacity to grasp the issues involved, but who is still unaware of those issues. The fact that this child does not believe in god qualifies him as an atheist."[56]

Smith coined the terms implicit atheism and explicit atheism to avoid confusing these two varieties of atheism. Implicit atheism is defined by Smith as "the absence of theistic belief without a conscious rejection of it", while explicit atheism—the form commonly held to be the only true form of atheism—is an absence of theistic belief due to conscious rejection.

Many similar dichotomies have since sprung up to subcategorize the broader definition of atheism. Strong, or positive, atheism is the belief that gods do not exist. It is a form of explicit atheism. A strong atheist consciously rejects theism, and may even argue that certain deities logically cannot exist, although strong atheists rarely claim to have certain knowledge that no deities exist.[57] Weak, or negative, atheism is either the absence of the belief that gods exist (in which case anyone who is not a theist is a weak atheist), or of both the belief that gods exist and the belief that they do not exist (in which case anyone who is neither a theist nor a strong atheist is a weak atheist).[13][58] While the terms weak and strong are relatively recent, the concepts they represent have existed for some time. The terms negative atheism and positive atheism have been used in the philosophical literature[59] and (in a slightly different sense) in Catholic apologetics.[60]

Contrary to the common view of theological agnosticism—the denial of knowledge or certainty of the existence of deities—as a "midway point" between theism and atheism, under this understanding of atheism, many agnostics may qualify as weak atheists (cf. agnostic atheism). However, others may be agnostic theists. Many agnostics and/or weak atheists are critical of strong atheism, seeing it as a position that is no more justified than theism, or as one that requires equal "faith".[61][62]

2007-03-08 12:26:15 · answer #1 · answered by asphyxia 5 · 1 7

There are many non religious groups.

1 Atheist- the absence of belief in any god or deities.

2. Agnostic-the indecision or uncertainty of divinity. Some people are religious seekers who search for a religion that fits them and ultimately join a religious group, others stay agnostic with only the certainty that no one can know what religion, if any is correct.

3. Naturalist-Naturalists believe we are part of Nature but have no belief in a personified Deity,

4. Secularists-Those individuals concerned with social issues and primarily keeping religion out of social issues.

5. Humanists-Humanists believe mostly in the honoring and preservation of human life. They are very anti war and promote health and progression of science to solve the mystery of deadly diseases.

Obviously this is not a full list, but you get the idea.

2007-03-08 12:31:54 · answer #2 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

Secularity (adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from organized religion. For instance, walking and bathing may be regarded as examples of secular activities, because there is nothing inherently religious about them. (Note, however, that both eating and bathing are regarded as sacraments by some religious organizations, and therefore would be religious activities in their worldview.) Saying a prayer, worshipping, and attending Sunday School are examples of religious (non-secular) activities.

Most businesses and corporations are secular organizations. All state universities in the United States are secular organizations, while some private universities are church-related; among many, three church-related examples are Brigham Young University, Notre Dame University, and Texas Christian University. The public university system in the United Kingdom is also secular.

One approximate synonym for secular is worldly; another could be phrased as neutral in religious matters. Approximate antonyms for secular are religious and devout.

Despite occasional confusion, secularity is not synonymous with atheism.

2007-03-08 12:27:41 · answer #3 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

Religion-less

2007-03-08 12:25:14 · answer #4 · answered by Miss Momma 4 · 1 0

Non-demoninatioinalism

Non-affiliationism

Areligious

If a diety or philosophy is involved it could be Spritualism

It's NOT Atheism. That means NO BELIEF IN A SUPREME BEING OR GOD

You can be non-religious and believe in God.

Atheists are religious. They have a Prophet (Dawkins) and a book that is sacred to them (written by Dawkins). So they are like Scientologists! They have an L. Ron Hubbard!

2007-03-08 12:28:07 · answer #5 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

It depends.. Do you believe in a/any God(s)? Do you believe that the human mind is not capable of knowing whether there is a God?

If you don't believe in religion or any God(s) you are an Atheist, If you believe that the human mind can't know whether there is/isn't a God you are Agnostic, If you believe in a God there is a vast variety of religions you could claim.

2007-03-08 12:28:35 · answer #6 · answered by Fluffington Cuddlebutts 6 · 0 0

Atheism or agnosticism or just no religion. Atheists can technically have a religion as long as there's no God (even though we usually think of ourselves as unbelievers of all supernatural instances, like I am). Agnostics may tend to follow a religion, despite their high doubts.

Call yourself an atheist.

2007-03-08 12:26:31 · answer #7 · answered by juhsayngul 4 · 0 0

Contrary to the common view of theological agnosticism—the denial of knowledge or certainty of the existence of deities—as a "midway point" between theism and atheism, under this understanding of atheism, many agnostics may qualify as weak atheists (cf. agnostic atheism). However, others may be agnostic theists. Many agnostics and/or weak atheists are critical of strong atheism, seeing it as a position that is no more justified than theism, or as one that requires equal "faith".[61][62]

2016-02-11 02:37:41 · answer #8 · answered by ? 4 · 0 0

One who doesn't believe in God, or religion, is an Athiest.
One who has questions about God and religion, and isn't sure, is an Agnostic.
One who doesn't believe in "God" but does believe in "Good" is a Secular Humanist.
One who believes in God, but prefers not to subscribe to a religion, often uses the term "Spiritual".

2007-03-08 12:29:49 · answer #9 · answered by beatlefan 7 · 0 0

Depending exactly on the belief, one of these two usually fit.

Atheist - One who disbelieves or denies the existence of God or gods.

Agnostic - One who believes that it is impossible to know whether there is a God.
One who is skeptical about the existence of God but does not profess true atheism.

2007-03-08 12:28:09 · answer #10 · answered by Questions_I_ask 2 · 0 0

If you dont believe in God(s) then it's called Atheism.

But if you believe that the existance of a higher power is unknowable then it's called Agnosticism.

There are many other names for different beleifs.

2007-03-08 12:26:38 · answer #11 · answered by Bobby 3 · 0 0

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