Can any one throw light on various nomenclature on stem cells?

Question

I am looking forward to stem cell based remedy for my sisters son suffering from Cerebral Palsy. The term Stem Cell some one call as "Autologous or self" some say Umbilical cord blood" and some say about the Embryo-stem cell. Which is best. The NCRM team in Chennai have done something phenomenal in spinal injury patient which they say "autologous", but www.emcell.com claims treatment using embryo stem cell...I also read about a stem cell transplant centre in Chennai and some work in AIIMS Delhi, India. One more news I read was about stem cells from nose (Olfactory stem cell) by a chinese scientist....I would like to have lots of explanations from you all... thanks in advance.

Answer 1

Types of stem cells.
1)Totipotent cells. In mammals, totipotent cells have the potential to become
any type in the adult body;
any cell of the extraembryonic membranes (e.g., placenta).
The only totipotent cells are the fertilized egg and the first 4 or so cells produced by its cleavage (as shown by the ability of mammals to produce identical twins, triplets, etc.).



2)Pluripotent stem cells. These are true stem cells, with the potential to make any differentiated cell in the body (but probably not all those of the extraembryonic membranes, which are derived from the trophoblast).
Three types of pluripotent stem cells have been found

A)Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells. These can be isolated from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst — the stage of embryonic development when implantation occurs. For humans, excess embryos produced during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures are used. Harvesting ES cells from human blastocysts is controversial because it destroys the embryo, which could have been implanted to produce another baby (but often was simply going to be discarded).
B)Embryonic Germ (EG) Cells. These can be isolated from the precursor to the gonads in aborted fetuses.
C)Embryonic Carcinoma (EC) Cells. These can be isolated from teratocarcinomas, a tumor that occasionally occurs in a gonad of a fetus. Unlike the other two, they are usually aneuploid.
All three of these types of pluripotent stem cells

can only be isolated from embryonic or fetal tissue;
can be grown in culture, but only with special methods to prevent them from differentiating.


3)Multipotent stem cells. These are true stem cells but can only differentiate into a limited number of types. For example, the bone marrow contains multipotent stem cells that give rise to all the cells of the blood but not to other types of cells.
Multipotent stem cells are found in adult animals; perhaps most organs in the body (e.g., brain, liver) contain them where they can replace dead or damaged cells. These adult stem cells may also be the cells that — when one accumulates sufficient mutations — produce a clone of cancer cells.

Answer 2

ok brother - a 7 3 hundred and sixty 5 days previous question... i got here upon your published question while searching for a theory that "popped" into my concepts. In regard on your Chimp question - I genuinely have yet to locate any education to advise that it is not achievable. i'm going at first this fact - to clone a titanic we would could use an elephant egg as a donor - and that they are diverse species. The human chimp courting is comparable. i've got no longer got here upon something to advise that the cellular membrane, or different sub cellular shape traits selection between us and them. So this brings up the belief you have - why no longer in user-friendly terms eliminate the nucleus of a chimp embryonic cellular and insert a human nucleus? i would be using some unfastened time in the subsequent couple days to verify extra specifics in this - it particularly is an thrilling theory, and that i ask your self whether all and sundry else in this container has already tried - yet back i've got no longer got here upon any printed examine in this specific difficulty. have you ever got here upon something? shop on processing!

Answer 3

To date, scientific research into stem cells has identified multiple types of stem cells and sources. The most commonly studied, and used, stem cell based therapy developments today involve the use of:

Embryonic stem cell therapy
Adult stem cell therapy and research
Umbilical cord stem cell therapy
At their most basic definition, stem cells have the ability to limitlessly divide and are capable of developing into one or several different types of the 220 cells found in the human body.

Embryonic stem cell therapy has long been the center of controversy regarding their moral and ethical use, not only in the United States, but also around the world. These cells are taken from early stage embryos, many from aborted fetuses. Because of such controversy, scientists spent decades studying other ways to develop stem cells that would offer more appeal and less controversy.

Adult stem cell therapy is commonly used today in a wide range of human stem cell therapy and treatments. This type of stem cell is taken from bone marrow. Adult stem cells can be "instructed" to form a certain type of cell – such as nerve cells, cardiac cells, skin cells, muscle cells and so forth. Because these cells are found in the skin, blood and bone marrow, they do not carry the stigma that embryonic stem cells do. Scientists are currently looking for ways to replace damaged cells that lead to a multitude of disease processes, such as diabetes, Parkinson's, and cancer. As such, stem cell replacement therapy is undergoing extensive research and development.

Umbilical cord stem cell therapy is utilized through the blood of umbilical cords after they and the rest of the afterbirth of placenta has been expelled from the body after a baby is born. As a rich source of stem cells, many parents today are "banking" their children's umbilical cord cells in case they are needed for curing disease in the future. Stem cell therapy research utilizing umbilical cord blood stem cell therapy is making huge advancements today.

Because umbilical and adult stem cells may be collected from any given individual, the risks of rejection of organs or treatments developed with such sources are drastically reduced. This makes it possible to benefit from transplants and other procedures where rejection has commonly been an issue.

Placenta Stem Cell Therapy – A fairly recent development in stem cells therapy research, doctors have been studying the beneficial components of stem cells found within the placenta. A process that utilizes stem cells found in placenta afterbirth is considered ethical, as it does not involve any interaction with a fetus or newborn. The afterbirth, heretofore discarded after birth, is now being studied for its multipotent stem cells in the search for treatments of multiple illnesses and disease processes.

Who benefits from Stem Cells Therapy Treatments?

Stem cell technologies and advancements are being made on an almost daily basis. From Japan to China to the U.S. to Europe, Africa and Russia, the world's scientists and medical experts have been studying, and using, stem cells treatments and stem cell therapy to treat a wide range of illnesses, injuries and disease processes, including but not limited to:

Neurological diseases such as:
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinson's
Cerebral Palsy
Epilepsy
Blood-borne Cancers such as:
Leukemia
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Multiple Myeloma
Organ Cancers such as:
Breast Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Lung Cancer
Malignant Melanoma
Heart Disease processes such as:
Myocardial Infarction
Atherosclerosis
Congestive Heart Failure
Musculoskeletal Conditions and Injuries such as:
Spinal cord injury
Bone damage caused by injuries and disease
Joint injuries and diseases
Hormonal, Immune and Circulatory Issues
Auto-Immune diseases such as Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and Muscular Dystrophy
Chronic infections such as Tuberculosis and Hepatitis C
Cosmetic and Reconstruction Treatments
Breast reconstruction treatments
Facial implants
Rejuvenation therapies