Help with Korean..pronouns...grammar..etc?

Question

First off, I know there are different ways of saying "my" and "I" and probably other pronouns. Does it matter which one I use?

And I have a book that says that "What is this" is "Igosun muoshimnikka" while "what is that" is "kugosun muoshijiyo"

Wouldn't "is this" be the same? Can you explain why theyre different?

And what are classifiers(I think thats what it's called)? Like in Japanese (wa, ga, etc)

Do they have them?

Can you give examples or translate these questions for me into romaji so they make sense?

How do I say things like "This is for you" or "Why are you late?"

Any answers will be great, please help!

Also, how would I say something like

"my chopsticks"

or "my horse"

does "my" come first or last?

and also in that book, it says "kamnida" means "I/he/she/they/we are going"

doesnt it also mean "you are going"?

or is that different?

Answer 1

What is this - Igosun muoshimnikka? [This - Igot (이겄)]
What is that - Kugosun muoshijiyo? [That - Kugot, jaugot (그겄, 저겄)]


These are mostly informals:

and....
Yes, Korean has "classifiers" too:

은 UN, 는 NUN - is, am, /same as WA in japanese
(I'm going to school - NaNUN hakkyo'E kanda [나는 학교에 간다])
NaNUN (나는) - i'm
Hakkyo (학교) - School
E (pronounced "eh") (에)- to
kanda (간다) - going


가 GA, 이 EE - (... >_>;) connects person from action /same as GA in japanese
(Dad went to work - ApbaGA ilha'ryaw gashiotda [아빠가 일할어 갔였다])
Apba (아빠) - Dad
il (일) - work
haryaw (할어) - to do
gashiotda (갔였다) - went



을 EUL, 를 REUL - connects object from action /same as WO in japanese
(I drank juice - NaeGA jusuREUL mashiotda [내가 쥬스를 마셨다])
Naega (내가) - I
jusu (쥬스) - Juice.... mmmm...
mashiotda (마셧다) - drank


에 AE, 안에 AHN-AE - in, to, at, /same as NI or E in japanese
(The bag is in the room - Gabang'EE bangAE itda [가방이 방에있다])
Gabang (가방) - bag
Bang (방) - room
itda (있다) - exists

도 DO - too, /same as MO
(I'm eating too - NaDO mauknunda [나도 먹는다])
NaDO (나도) -Even me
mauknunda (먹는다) - is eating


이나 INA, 나 NA - either, or, whether, /same as YA
(This or that, anything's fine - IgotsINA jaugotsINA, amugotsUN johwa [이겄이나 저겄이나, 아무것은 좋와])
Igot (이것) - This
Jaugot (저것) - That
amutgot (아무것) - Anything
Johwa (좋와) - Is fine/okay

의 Uuei - of, --'s /same as NO
(My house - NaUUEI jip)
Na (나) - Me
NaUUEI (나의)- My
Jip (집) - house....

*by this point, to be honest, if I were you, I wouldn't understand a thing of this*


Why are you late? - Whe nau(NUN) nujeotsau? (왜 너(는) 늦었어?)
Why - Whe (왜)
being late - nutda (늦다)
It's late - nujeotda (늦었다)


My chopsticks - NaUUEI jautkarak
you can also use "NE" 내 instead of NAUUEI 나의
My horse - Ne mal
My - "Ne" 내
I - Nanun 나는
Me - Na 나



Kamnida does not refer to "you" it will either refer to he/she/or I....

Answer 2

I can't tell you in detail, because I'm non-English speaker.
Anyway let me answer your quetion.

나 and 나의 are difference.
→나[na] or 내[ne] : I
→ 나의[na ui] or 내[ne] : My
ex)*나의* 고양이[na-ui ko-yang-i] My cat
*내* 나라[ne nara] My country

나 is used with postposition ~는[neun] like in Japanese wa
→나는[na neun] : I am...
ex)*나는* 예쁘다.[na-nuen ye-ppeu-da] I am pretty.

내 is used with postposition ~가[ga] like in Japanese ga
→내가[nega]
ex)내가 할게요.[nega hal-kke-yo] I will do it.

The other postposition is ~를[reul] like in Japanese wo

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이[i] : This.
이 is used when you point to something near you.
ex)*이* 사람[i saram] This person
*이* 바보[i babo] This stupid guy

ê·¸[keu] : This or It or That.
ê·¸ is used when you point to something someone has.
ex)그 책[keu chek] That book

저[cheo] : That.
저 is used when you poin to something far from you.
ex)(When you point to someone standing over there)
*저* 사람[cheo saram] That person

것[geot] or 거[geo] : something
→이것[i geot] this thing, this stuff
그것[kue geot] this thing, that stuff.
것[cheo geot] that thing, that stuff

ex)(When you see someone have something)
a: 그거 뭐예요? [Keu-geo meo-ye-yo] What do you have there?
b: 이거요?[i-ge yo] This?

--------------------------------------------------------
This is for you.
→이거 선물이에요.
[igeo(this) seon-mul(a present) i-e-yo(is)]
(This is a presant)

Why are you late?
→왜 이렇게 늦었어요?
[we(why) i-reo-ke[so] neu-jeot-seo-yo(was late)]
(Why are you so late?)

*'MY' comes first.
my chopsticks
→내 젓가락 [ne jet-kka-rak]

my horse
→나의 말[na-eui mal] or 내 말[ne mal]

In Korean language, 'I' is often understood.
So gamnida means I'm going

나는 갑니다[naneun gamnida] I'm going
→갑니다[gamnida] (I'm) going.

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You can learn Korean here.
http://rki.kbs.co.kr/learn_korean/lessons/e_index.htm

A video about hangeul(Korean alphabet)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4zrRZsN8Yk