For all people that is good in botany/science?

Question

In what ways are flowers and fruits adaptations that help angiosperms reproduce?

Answer 1

FLOWERS ARE ADAPTED FOR POLLINATION WHICH IS THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS THE REPRODUCTION--

Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the structure that contains the ovule (female gamete).

The receptive part of the carpel is called a stigma in the flowers of angiosperms and a micropyle in gymnosperms. The study of pollination brings together many disciplines, such as botany, horticulture, entomology, and ecology. Pollination is important in horticulture because most plant fruits will not develop if the ovules are not fertilized.

The pollination process as interaction between flower and vector was first addressed in the 18th century by Christan Konrad Sprengel.

TYPES OF POLLINATION OR THE ADAPTTIONS-

1)Entomophily: pollination by insects
Bees, wasps and occasionally ants (Hymenoptera)
Beetles (Coleoptera)
Moths and Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Flies (Diptera)

2)Zoophily: pollination by vertebrates such as birds or bats
Hummingbird
Sunbird
Spiderhunter
Honeyeater
Abiotic pollination
Anemophily: pollination by wind
very common in grasses
Most Conifers
Many deciduous trees

3)Hydrophily: pollination by water
Aquatic plants
About 80% of all plant pollination is biotic. Of the 20% of

abiotically pollinated species, 98% is by wind and 2% by water and sun.
4) Anemophyly - Pollination by wind or air 98% .

FRUITS ARE ADAPTED FOR DISPERSAL TO SPREADTHE NEW PLANTS FAR AND WIDE--

Variations in fruit structures largely depend on the mode of dispersal of the seeds they contain.
1)This dispersal can be achieved by animals, wind, water, or explosive dehiscence.

2)Some fruits have coats covered with spikes or hooked burrs, either to prevent themselves from being eaten by animals or to stick to the hairs, feathers or legs of animals, using them as dispersal agents. Examples include cocklebur and unicorn plant.

3)The sweet flesh of many fruits is "deliberately" appealing to animals(Including man), so that the seeds held within are eaten and "unwittingly" carried away and deposited at a distance from the parent.

Likewise, the nutritious, oily kernels of nuts are appealing to rodents (such as squirrels) who hoard them in the soil in order to avoid starving during the winter, thus giving those seeds that remain uneaten the chance to germinate and grow into a new plant away from their parent.

4)Other fruits are elongated and flattened out naturally and so become thin, like wings or helicopter blades, e.g. maple, tuliptree and elm. This is an evolutionary mechanism to increase dispersal distance away from the parent via wind. Other wind-dispersed fruit have tiny parachutes, e.g. dandelion and salsify(this is wind dispersal.)

5)Coconut fruits can float thousands of miles in the ocean to spread seeds. Some other fruits that can disperse via water are nipa palm and screw pine( Water dispersal)

6)Some fruits fling seeds substantial distances (up to 100 m in sandbox tree) via explosive dehiscence or other mechanisms, e.g. impatiens and squirting cucumber(Explosive dispersal)


I hope this much information will be enough for you.

Answer 2

I'm no good at Botany but I am good at English.
Your question should have been
"For anyone who is knowledgeable is Botany.
It's 2007 and I can't believe people still can't speak English properly.

Answer 3

By having the ability to blow in the wind, have wings. By also dropping seed pods which are in turn eaten by animals and dropped out in their excrement.