Different types of medical specialists?

Question

what are some different types of medical specialists that focus on just basically one area of the body? i will give the best answer to the person who provides the most, thank you!!

Answer 1

Shae, the trouble is that mostly when doctors specialize, they don't just look at one area of the body or one organ. They will usually be interested in one organ system or maybe a few linked together. There is also a good degree of overlap.

David's list is a good place to start. Here are some corrections:

ent= ear nose and throat
Otorhinolaryngologist is the proper name for this surgical specialty. ENT is much easier. They deal with diseases of head and neck particularly to do with ears, nose and throat.

orthopaedic = bones
Orthopaedic surgery. Orthopaedic surgeons tend to work on the bones of the body. Subspecialties here by region - upper limb (ie arm), lower limb (ie leg) and spinal surgeons (back bones)

paediatrician = children
And Neonatology - subspecializing in newborn infants

pyschiatrist = the mind
Psychiatrists specialize in mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia and the like.

neuro =the head
As David has listed Neurology later, how about we make this Neurosurgery - operations on the brain to remove blood collections, brain tumours etc, to clip aneurysms and such.

cardiologist = the heart
A subspecialty of interventional cardiology is emerging here - where the cardiologists are particularly interested threading a long wire up through the groin to the arteries of the heart and passing a stent through the blockage etc.

gynaecologist = womans problems
This is usually teamed up with Obstetrics (the American OBGYN ... or Obs and Gobs elsewhere). Child birth, delivery as well as menstrual problems, fertility problems, pelvic pains, infections, cancers, etc.

respiratory = thel ungs
Pulmonologists or Respiratory Physicians work in a medical specialty to do with lungs and diseases of the lungs - asthma, COPD, lung cancer,

cardiac surgeon = operations on the heart
Cardiothoracic surgeons specialize in surgery on the chest and organs of the chest cavity. This is a big area all of its own as opening the chest has its own special set of issues very different from other types of surgery. There are some people who specialize in Thoracic surgery alone (operations on lungs and such), Cardiac surgery alone (operations on the heart - usually bypass graft procedures and valve replacements), Paediatric Cardiothoracic surgery - a really subspecialized field to do with changing the plumbing around where babies are born with abnormal blood vessel connections. Transplantation surgery - heart transplants are another specialty field here.

neurologist = the working of the brain
Neurologists are physicians with a special interest in the brain and spinal cord. They deal with diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Strokes, Guillian Barre syndrome, Migraines, Epilepsy

plastic =repairs to features
Plastic Surgeons don't only work on the face, although there is a subspecialty of CranioFacial Surgeons where the operations are done on the face almost exclusively. The more general Plastic Surgeons will work with skin and soft tissues (and occasionally bone) in any part of the body to reconstruct or reshape or remove (particularly skin cancers). Other specialties within this field include Hand Surgery which overlaps with Orthopaedics somewhat, Microsurgery - repair of cut nerves and blood vessels which makes replantation of limbs and digits possible. Because Plastic Surgeons can work almost anywhere on the body, there is overlap with many other fields of surgery.

general surgeon = he can do anything
Not true. "General Surgeons" are mostly involved with abdominal operations and mostly fall within the field of Colo-rectal surgeons of Hepatobiliary surgeons. The true generalist surgeons work out in the country areas where access to health care is scarce. These true generalists will do many emergency life saving procedures but will transfer stable patients to larger hospitals for more extensive surgeries if that is what is needed.

urologist = kidney's
Urology is a surgical specialty to do with the genitourinary system - almost always in males, although they do see some female patients for bladder/incontinence issues. There is some overlap with O&G here. The male urinary system runs from the kidneys via the ureters to the bladder, then the urethra which passes through the prostate and then to the outside world. There is also the issue of the male genitalia and operations to do with them. Most commonly they deal with Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy, Kidney Stones and Cancers of the various organs mentioned above.

ADDITIONALLY: Nephrology
This is a medical specialty, counterpart to urology. These physicians are interested in diseases of the kidneys particularly and deal with Glomerulonephritis, Diabetic Nephropathy, etc. Renal transplant patients post operatively, dialysis patients.

virologist = any viral infections
bacteriologists (bacteria) and parasitologists (parasites) and mycologists (fungi) and virologists all fall under the heading of microbiologists and infectious disease physicians.

physician =all general medicine a clinician
General physicians tend to take patients who do not clearly fall in any of the other medical categories. Sometimes they are made to take simple surgical patients in some hospitals where the surgeons are too busy or otherwise unable to see to things like cellulitis or soft tissue injuries etc. Their cases often have issues arising from several different categories eg. diabetes, heart disease, COPD and general decline in a young-elderly patient not old enough to go to the gerontologists

endocronologist = usually treats diabetes
Endocrinologists deal with the endocrine system. Their cases involve diseases of Thyroid gland, Adrenal glands, Pituitary glands, etc. and not just diabetes. However, diabetes is common and makes up most of their workload.

opthalmologist = eyes
Ophthalmologists specialize in diseases of the eyes.

oncologist= cancer
Oncologists deal with cancers, usually once they have spread beyond the capability of the surgeons to cut them out.

ADDITIONALLY Haematologists are interested in the diseases (mostly cancers) of the blood cell lines - Lymphomas, Leukaemias, Myelomas, etc.

Radiation Oncologists are oncologists who are interested in radiotherapy - the use of x-rays to shrink a cancer.

radiologist = x rays
Subspecialty radiologists work with CT scan, MRI, Ultrasound, Nuclear Medicine and now a growing field of interventional radiology is the newest area of interest.

gerontologist = the elderly
Gerontology ir Geriatrics is the medical specialty to deal with elderly patients. Definitions vary from place to place but most commonly the cut off is 85yrs or older. Their patients have the usual mix of general medical illnesses and are often very complex both medically and socially.

colonoscopist =any rectal disease
Actually, the colonoscopies are most often done by the General Surgeons looking for colorectal cancer. Gastroenterologists also do colonoscopies as well as the upper endoscopies.
Gastroenterologists are physicians with a special interest in the Gastrointestinal tract - from mouth to anus including the organs of the digestive tract, mostly Liver and Pancreas.

There are usually paediatric counterparts to all of the above, eg. paediatric psychiatrist, paediatric oncologist...

pinoy ako has mentioned a few others that didn't make David's list:

Anaesthesiologists - do anaesthetics on patients so surgeons can operate

Vascular Surgery - operations on blood vessels (carotid arteries, the aorta, etc.) and amputations where peripheral vascular disease or diabetes has killed off toes/fingers

Physical Therapies are usually done by a separate group of people called Physiotherapists. This is actually a subbranch of nursing which has grown into a profession in its own right. Also related are the Occupational Therapists.

Rehabilitation medicine - to do with rehabilitation after stroke or severe trauma ... also some specialties have their own forms of rehab - cardiac rehab for postoperative patients, etc.

General Practice - doctors out in the community (family doctors) who are usually the first port of call for anyone who is sick. In Australia there is a peculiar set up for the outback rural townships called the Royal Flying Doctors Service - doctors fly out on a monthly or fortnightly bases to the outback towns as the people there are too far away to get to a hospital.

Occupational Medicine - different from occupational therapists - who are physicians interested in the various injuries and illnesses arising from the workplace environment.

Critical Care - or Intensive Care is a medical specialty with links to Anaesthesia and Emergency Medicine. These physicians are particularly interested in patients who are unstable with their airway, breathing or circulation, or who have other problems to do with their basic physiology.

Immunologists - physicians interested in allergy and diseases of the immune system

Rheumatologists - physicians interested primarily in autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, etc.

Transplant Surgery - a subspecialty of many of the surgical branches listed above, emphasizing the transplantation of organs from a donor body to the recipient: kidney, heart, lungs, liver, corneas ...

Trauma Surgery - Another branch of general surgery with links to Emergency Medicine - subspecialty dealing only with injuries sustained through major trauma - usually dealing only with abdominal injuries - the pelvic injuries managed by orthopaedic surgeons and chest injuries by cardiothoracic surgeons.

Oral/Maxillofacial surgeons - these guys have done a dentistry and medical double degree to become a surgical specialty in their own right (although there is political tension between them and the craniofacial/craniomaxillofacial group of plastic surgeons). They operate on upper and lower jaw diseases - cancers, abscesses, etc.

Emergency Physicians - doctors trained in the first 5 minutes of every disease. If it's all too much for the General Practitioner, the Emergency Physician is often the next step.

Dermatology - yes, it IS a real specialty in medicine. Diseases of the skin in all their glory.

Not mentioned by either are:

Pathology - study of the disease process. These are the doctors who do autopsies to find out why a patient has died. They are also usually the doctors who look at biopsied tissue to tell whether it is cancer or not. There is also a forensic pathology specialty.

Pharmacology - there is a field of medicine particularly dedicated to the pharmaceutical industry - drugs and their effect on the body and their effect on each other.

There are no real Preventative Medicine specialists. The closest I can think of are those in Epidemiology and Medical Administration - they are responsible for spotting trends and formulating plans to deal with outbreaks or terrorist attack/mass casualty planning ...

Toxicology - a subspecialty of medicine involved with toxic ingestions as well as bites/stings from venomous creatures.

Retrieval Medicine - in some countries Air Transport and Retrieval is a separate specialty. In smaller countries with fewer doctors this job is usually managed by Intensive Care or by Emergency Medicine, or shared between the two.

Hyperbaric Medicine - the use of the hyperbaric chamber to pressurize the human body is an odd branch all of its own. It is used in wound healing and occasionally in toxicity/overdose eg. Carbon Monoxide poisoning.

Answer 2

Types Of Medical Specialists

Answer 3

1

Answer 4

EENT - Ears, Eyes, Nose and Throat
IM - internal medicine
physical medicine and rehabilitation
General practitionerAnesthesiology - Dermatology - Emergency Medicine - General Practice (Family Medicine) - Internal Medicine - Neurology - Nuclear Medicine - Occupational Medicine - Pathology - Pediatrics - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Physiatry) - Preventive Medicine - Psychiatry - Radiation Oncology - Radiology
Allergy and Immunology - Cardiology - Endocrinology - Gastroenterology - Hematology - Infectious Diseases - Intensive Care Medicine (Critical Care Medicine) - Medical Genetics - Nephrology - Oncology - Pulmonology - Rheumatology
Andrology - Cardiac Surgery - General Surgery - Hand Surgery - Interventional Neuroradiology - Neurosurgery - Obstetrics and Gynecology - Ophthalmology - Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Orthopedic Surgery - Otolaryngology (ENT) - Pediatric Surgery - Plastic Surgery - Surgical Oncology - Thoracic Surgery - Transplant Surgery - Trauma Surgery - Urology - Vascular Surgery

Answer 5

ent= ear nose and throat
orthopaedic = bones
paediatrician = children
pyschiatrist = the mind
neuro =the head
cardiologist = the heart
gynaecologist = womans problems
respiratory = thel ungs
cardiac surgeon = operations on the heart
neurologist = the working of the brain
plastic =repairs to features
general surgeon = he can do anything
urologist = kidney's
virologist = any viral infections
physician =all general medicine a clinician
endocronologist = usually treats diabetes
opthalmologist = eyes
oncologist= cancer
radiologist = x rays
gerontologist = the elderly
colonoscopist =any rectal disease

Answer 6

"Different types of medical specialists?

What are some different types of medical specialists that focus on just basically one area of the body?"



This piece is more than a little self-aggrandizing and haughty and possibly even offensive, but sometimes I feel the need to give this perspective as an alternative to "common" knowledge.


pinoey ako has already done the easy job of listing medical specialties, but does not list what area of anatomy to which they limit thier practice. I'd like to do something different and perhaps more innovative or important, and certainly a bit strange, that is, what few specialists *do not* limit thier practices to body parts, etc?



Well, of course there is family practice, they do everything, and ocassionally well. I could never do that. They have my admiration for their willingness to put themselves on the line.



And there is internal medicine, but that's primarily adult therapy with *only* drugs, though most organ systems are included.



Well definitely, there is pediatrics, which takes care of everything . . . but only in children and adolescents. Reverse agism I suppose.



And gynecologists can be diversified, but only, primarily, for those individuals born with two X chromosones.



So, the burning question: What misunderstood specialty is not afraid to work in all aspects with every part of the body and at any age? There is only one, no need for any list here. Can you name it? It may surprise you because you may not truly know what it is, even after I tell you its name.

With bias, I believe it stands without equal and unequivocally as the most innovative and creative field in medicine and has more import than anything other than deciphering and manipulating the genetic code itself.



Its name is dirived from a Greek word which means "to shape or re-shape, to mold or give form." Do you know yet?

The Greek word for "capable of being molded"' is "plastikos," so perhaps you've guessed by now (it has nothing to do with the material called plastic):



It is *only* plastic surgery - or rather the plastic surgeon.



I call plastic surgeons the garbage men of surgery. This is because it is the aggressive plastic surgeon who is always sought when a patient's plight is most severe and the picture is bleakest. When all medical cunning, ingenuity, technical skill, and a "whatever it takes I can do" attitude is required.

Yes, who does the orthopedic surgeon call when there is lack of bone in the leg that would otherwise require amputation or when an artifical joint is chronically infected, the patient is greviously ill, and the bone and joint are exposed to the ravages of all the organisms of the external world with no, seemingly conceivable possible barrier or closure?



That's right. An aggressive, often microvascularly-trained plastic surgeon receives the call, arrives at the bedside and, frankly, in so far as it's possible, and ultimately, conceives of and does the work God would do if only He were as able. This is no blasphemy, this is a simple truth if you care to be informed.



And when the cardiac surgeon cannot even get the breast bone, the sternum to stay together, and the heart is exposed to the outside world, beating openly for everyone to see - well, who, perhaps, receives the often grateful phone call to please help and alter the 40% mortality in the 3% of patients who may find their very hearts horrifically exposed. You must know by now.

It's the aggressive plastic surgeon who saves most of these people with complex and multiple muscles, reshaped, moved and molded to protect the beating heart without injuring its fresh coronary artery bypass grafts after removing all the bacteria from these very blood vessels upon which each heart beat depends.



Or the same cardiac surgeon calls, yes, who? when no heart transplant is possible or available for an otherwise dying patient . . . Yes, again, of course, the aggressive plastic surgeon takes a large, paced muscle from the patient's back and wraps it around the failing heart to assist it in the propelling of the body's essential blood.



And, though the list could go on virtually indefinitely, you've firgured out who the neurosurgeon calls when a child's skull will no longer expand to let the brain grow. Or more dramatically, who hears the phone ring when a malignant tumor has somehow been neglected and eaten away not only much of the brain, but virtually the entire skull. I don't have to tell you by now.



But, of course, it's the garbage men of medicine and surgery. They get the toughest, dirtiest, most horrific jobs when all others have literally exhausted their ability to help or cope with the disease. Yes, it's *only* a plastic surgeon . . . again.



And truly, the equally illustrative list could go on almost indefinitely. Now, I'll always give way to the need for farmers. You need to eat before you could consider surgery. And many more people require the care of their internist or family doctor, who may be equally dedicated.



But occasionally, there is only one person you can call to take care of the garbage - which really means to save your limb, or your life, and sometimes, restore your soul when God cannot. And you know who that is by now.



It starts with an old Greek word, which has nothing to do with children's toys or Gatorade bottles - yet, OK, it's "plastic" surgeons who literally "restore, repair, replace, enhance and make whole those parts which nature failed to give, or which nature has given but which fortune has taken away, not nearly so much as to be pleasing to the eye as to lift the heart, no, the soul of the afflicted," even when God cannot. That my friend is an approximation of Gaspar Tagliacozzi's definition, from 1597, of . . . a plastic surgeon.



[I apologize if I've offended anyone, but the truth has the advantage of being . . . true . . . even if it appears sanctimonious at first glance.]

Answer 7

Forget anything you have ever been told about Diabetes.

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Answer 8

Making dietary changes is your first line of defense in treating hypothyroidism. Learn here https://tr.im/RIr7O

Many people with hypothyroidism experience crippling fatigue and brain fog, which prompts reaching for non-nutritional forms of energy like sugar and caffeine. I’ve dubbed these rascals the terrible twosome, as they can burn out your thyroid (and destabilize blood sugar).

1. Just say no to the dietary bungee cord. Greatly reduce or eliminate caffeine and sugar, including refined carbohydrates like flour, which the body treats like sugar. Make grain-based carbohydrates lesser of a focus, eating non-starchy vegetables to your heart’s content.

2. Up the protein. Protein transports thyroid hormone to all your tissues and enjoying it at each meal can help normalize thyroid function. Proteins include nuts and nut butters; quinoa; hormone- and antibiotic-free animal products (organic, grass-fed meats, eggs, and sustainably-farmed fish); and legumes.

Answer 9

There are too many to list and every state requires a different length of time in an internship or residency per specialty.

Answer 10

I think it depends