That can be such an enormous range in price across the country and with different vets. My wild guess would be anywhere between $45 and $350. I have heard so many low prices for things that require anesthesia, that $45 seems real low to me. Where I live Vets are $45 minimum for an office visit without anything being done at all. I probably could find one here at around 150 but add to that the office exam and you are into 200 range. I do have a suggestion, if the hernia is not large you could opt to have teeth cleaned or whatever at the same time and wait a while. It depends on the hernia. I know they say that it is possible to strangulate the digestive track through a hernia but in 45 years I have never seen it happen, and I have seen females whelp who have had average sized hernias. However, I wouldn't give advise on not doing it unless I was your breeder and I was willing to replace the dog in the event something happened because of the hernia. In such an event the owner would have to consider handling that emotionally against the risk (which in my experience is extremely small) of a hernia causing a problem. Now a large hernia where a finger can go through the opening of the abdominal wall, I would repair because I wouldn't feel comfortable with that large a hernia unrepaired. Also the breed you have may have different instances with hernias. Umbilical hernias are very common on dogs and there are many that are not repaired, but that does not mean that they do not cause strangulations there have been some instances where they have. Not many compaired to the number of hernias that are never repaired though. But there again all that depends on the size of the hernia which we consider as the size of the opening in tha abdominal wall. What does your breeder say?
BTW, the above poster is NOT correct there is nothing in the AKC rules prohibiting you from showing a dog that has a repaired hernia. While you cannot cosmetically change a dog as in banding teeth you can repair a hernia. I have had several Champions who have had hernias repaired prior to ever being shown, I have also finished dogs with hernias. Some breeds have a higher prevalance of hernias and the above poster may just not have as much experience with them in her breed.
Because the above poster tried to scare everyone with testicular cancer, and because California is facing a MANDATORY Spay Neuter law, that we all should be opposing now as it should not be something the government should force onto all dog owners. I am putting in the real medical evidence in regards to spaying and neutering:
Early Spay-Neuter Considerations
for the Canine Athlete
One Veterinarian's Opinion
© 2005 Chris Zink DVM, PhD, DACVP
Those of us with responsibility for the health of canine athletes need to continually read and evaluate new scientific studies to ensure that we are taking the most appropriate care of our performance dogs. This article provides evidence through a number of recent studies to suggest that veterinarians and owners working with canine athletes should revisit the standard protocol in which all dogs that are not intended for breeding are spayed and neutered at or before 6 months of age.
Orthopedic Considerations
A study by Salmeri et al in 1991 found that bitches spayed at 7 weeks grew significantly taller than those spayed at 7 months, who were taller than those not spayed (or presumably spayed after the growth plates had closed).(1) A study of 1444 Golden Retrievers performed in 1998 and 1999 also found bitches and dogs spayed and neutered at less than a year of age were significantly taller than those spayed or neutered at more than a year of age.(2) The sex hormones, by communicating with a number of other growth-related hormones, promote the closure of the growth plates at puberty (3), so the bones of dogs or bitches neutered or spayed before puberty continue to grow. Dogs that have been spayed or neutered well before puberty can frequently be identified by their longer limbs, lighter bone structure, narrow chests and narrow skulls. This abnormal growth frequently results in significant alterations in body proportions and particularly the lengths (and therefore weights) of certain bones relative to others. For example, if the femur has achieved its genetically determined normal length at 8 months when a dog gets spayed or neutered, but the tibia, which normally stops growing at 12 to 14 months of age continues to grow, then an abnormal angle may develop at the stifle. In addition, with the extra growth, the lower leg below the stifle likely becomes heavier (because it is longer), and may cause increased stresses on the cranial cruciate ligament. In addition, sex hormones are critical for achieving peak bone density.(4) These structural and physiological alterations may be the reason why at least one recent study showed that spayed and neutered dogs had a higher incidence of CCL rupture.(5) Another recent study showed that dogs spayed or neutered before 5 1/2 months had a significantly higher incidence of hip dysplasia than those spayed or neutered after 5 1/2 months of age, although it should be noted that in this study there were no standard criteria for the diagnosis of hip dysplasia.(6) Nonetheless, breeders of purebred dogs should be cognizant of these studies and should consider whether or not pups they bred were spayed or neutered when considering breeding decisions.
Cancer Considerations
A retrospective study of cardiac tumors in dogs showed that there was a 5 times greater risk of hemangiosarcoma, one of the three most common cancers in dogs, in spayed bitches than intact bitches and a 2.4 times greater risk of hemangiosarcoma in neutered dogs as compared to intact males.(7) A study of 3218 dogs demonstrated that dogs that were neutered before a year of age had a significantly increased chance of developing bone cancer.(8) A separate study showed that neutered dogs had a two-fold higher risk of developing bone cancer.(9) Despite the common belief that neutering dogs helps prevent prostate cancer, at least one study suggests that neutering provides no benefit.(10) There certainly is evidence of a slightly increased risk of mammary cancer in female dogs after one heat cycle, and for increased risk with each subsequent heat. While about 30 % of mammary cancers are malignant, as in humans, when caught and surgically removed early the prognosis is very good.(12) Luckily, canine athletes are handled frequently and generally receive prompt veterinary care.
Behavioral Considerations
The study that identified a higher incidence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in spayed or neutered dogs also identified an increased incidence of sexual behaviors in males and females that were neutered early.(5) Further, the study that identified a higher incidence of hip dysplasia in dogs neutered or spayed before 5 1/2 months also showed that early age gonadectomy was associated with an increased incidence of noise phobias and undesirable sexual behaviors.(6) A recent report of the American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation reported significantly more behavioral problems in spayed and neutered bitches and dogs. The most commonly observed behavioral problem in spayed females was fearful behavior and the most common problem in males was aggression.(12)
Other Health Considerations
A number of studies have shown that there is an increase in the incidence of female urinary incontinence in dogs spayed early (13), although this finding has not been universal. Certainly there is evidence that ovarian hormones are critical for maintenance of genital tissue structure and contractility.(14, 15) Neutering also has been associated with an increased likelihood of urethral sphincter incontinence in males.(16) This problem is an inconvenience, and not usually life-threatening, but nonetheless one that requires the dog to be medicated for life. A health survey of several thousand Golden Retrievers showed that spayed or neutered dogs were more likely to develop hypothyroidism.(2) This study is consistent with the results of another study in which neutering and spaying was determined to be the most significant gender-associated risk factor for development of hypothyroidism.(17) Infectious diseases were more common in dogs that were spayed or neutered at 24 weeks or less as opposed to those undergoing gonadectomy at more than 24 weeks.(18) Finally, the AKC-CHF report demonstrated a higher incidence of adverse reactions to vaccines in neutered dogs as compared to intact.(12)
I have gathered these studies to show that our practice of routinely spaying or neutering every dog at or before the age of 6 months is not a black-and-white issue. Clearly more studies need to be done to evaluate the effects of prepubertal spaying and neutering, particularly in canine athletes.
Currently, I have significant concerns with spaying or neutering canine athletes before puberty. But of course, there is the pet overpopulation problem. How can we prevent the production of unwanted dogs while still leaving the gonads to produce the hormones that are so important to canine growth and development? One answer would be to perform vasectomies in males and tubal ligation in females, to be followed after maturity by ovariohysterectomy in females to prevent mammary cancer and pyometra. One possible disadvantage is that vasectomy does not prevent some unwanted behaviors associated with males such as marking and humping. On the other hand, females and neutered males frequently participate in these behaviors too. Really, training is the best solution for these issues. Another possible disadvantage is finding a veterinarian who is experienced in performing these procedures. Nonetheless, some do, and if the procedures were in greater demand, more veterinarians would learn them.
I believe it is important that we assess each situation individually. For canine athletes, I currently recommend that dogs and bitches be spayed or neutered after 14 months of age.
References:
Salmeri KR, Bloomberg MS, Scruggs SL, Shille V.. Gonadectomy in immature dogs: effects on skeletal, physical, and behavioral development. JAVMA 1991;198:1193-1203
http://www.grca.org/healthsurvey.pdf
Grumbach MM. Estrogen, bone, growth and sex: a sea change in conventional wisdom. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000;13 Suppl 6:1439-55.
Gilsanz V, Roe TF, Gibbens DT, Schulz EE, Carlson ME, Gonzalez O, Boechat MI. Effect of sex steroids on peak bone density of growing rabbits. Am J Physiol. 1988 Oct;255(4 Pt 1):E416-21.
Slauterbeck JR, Pankratz K, Xu KT, Bozeman SC, Hardy DM. Canine ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy increases the prevalence of ACL injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Dec;(429):301-5.
Spain CV, Scarlett JM, Houpt KA. Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in dogs. JAVMA 2004;224:380-387.
Ware WA, Hopper DL. Cardiac tumors in dogs: 1982-1995. J Vet Intern Med 1999 Mar-Apr;13(2):95-103
Cooley DM, Beranek BC, Schlittler DL, Glickman NW, Glickman LT, Waters D, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Nov;11(11):1434-40
Ru G, Terracini B, Glickman LT. Host related risk factors for canine osteosarcoma. Vet J. 1998 Jul;156(1):31-9.
Obradovich J, Walshaw R, Goullaud E. The influence of castration on the development of prostatic carcinoma in the dog. 43 cases (1978-1985). J Vet Intern Med 1987 Oct-Dec;1(4):183-7
http://www.akcchf.org/pdfs/whitepapers/Biennial_National_Parent_Club_Canine_Health_Conference.pdf
Meuten DJ. Tumors in Domestic Animals. 4th Edn. Iowa State Press, Blackwell Publishing Company, Ames, Iowa, p. 575
Stocklin-Gautschi NM, Hassig M, Reichler IM, Hubler M, Arnold S. The relationship of urinary incontinence to early spaying in bitches. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 57:233-6, 2001
Pessina MA, Hoyt RF Jr, Goldstein I, Traish AM. Differential effects of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone on vaginal structural integrity. Endocrinology. 2006 Jan;147(1):61-9.
Kim NN, Min K, Pessina MA, Munarriz R, Goldstein I, Traish AM. Effects of ovariectomy and steroid hormones on vaginal smooth muscle contractility. Int J Impot Res. 2004 Feb;16(1):43-50.
Aaron A, Eggleton K, Power C, Holt PE. Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in male dogs: a retrospective analysis of 54 cases. Vet Rec. 139:542-6, 1996
Panciera DL. Hypothyroidism in dogs: 66 cases (1987-1992). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 204:761-7 1994
Howe LM, Slater MR, Boothe HW, Hobson HP, Holcom JL, Spann AC. Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001 Jan 15;218(2):217-21.
2007-03-02 01:59:21
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answer #1
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answered by Anonymous
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Dog Training is all about getting your canine to behave well, but some people do it for sports and other entertainment purposes. Some of the other reasons people train their dogs are:
It rewarding since you get a sense of accomplishment once a dog can do something new.
It is a good opportunity to bond with the dog - this is important for the dog and for the owner.
You can make money when you train dogs as a business or for sport.
Training the dog is fun and it challenges the owner and the dog.
Different trainers have different techniques for training their canine. However, some techniques are more effective than others. To learn about the best techniques, visit a registered dog trainer, talk to a veterinarian, or do online or offline research.
There are several types of training that you, or a professional, can explore to train dogs and these are:
1) Behavior and obedience training: One training that is universal is behavior and obedience training. This is done on dogs of all ages, but it is better to start when the canine is a puppy because as they say, it is hard to teach old dogs new tricks. Behavior and obedience dog trainingbrings out the best in the dog and it makes understanding each other easier.
2) House training: House training is very important and it should also start when the dog is still a puppy. House training is all about training the dog to have house manners and to respect your space. There are several techniques used for this and they include crate training and pad training for training the dog to 'go' outside.
3) Positive reinforcement: Positive reinforcement is a new type of training approach and it is all about rewarding the dog for good behavior or for learning a new trick. All animals tend to perform better when there is a promise of a reward. Possible rewards are snacks, interaction with other dogs, giving the dog your attention, or giving the dog tug toys - the reward should take into consideration what the dog likes because dogs are different.
4) Negative reinforcement: Negative reinforcement training approach has been used for many years where the dog is punished for failure to learn or to behave properly, but this does not work because it only makes the canine scared and causes it to lose confidence. Negative reinforcement techniques included beatings and electric shocks.
5) Trick training: Trick training is done for fun, by those who want a sports dog, and those involved in other entertainment activities such as the circus. You should choose the dog carefully to avoid frustration because some dogs are easier to train than others.
6) Teething: It is important to train dogs when they are teething because they are under a lot of pain and they usually chew on furniture such as table legs, shoes, and even wallpaper. Possible training techniques for discouraging the chewing are bad-smelling sprays on items that are at risk and giving the dog chew toys.
7) Command training: It is possible to train dogs to follow commands. These commands include 'sit', 'attack', and 'fetch', among others. This requires patience and there are various techniques of dog training that can be used to achieve this such as giving rewards.
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2016-04-15 02:59:21
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answer #6
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answered by Anonymous
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