Buddhism
Lord Buddha did not represent another powerful invisible figure to preach his knowledge and was
his own master. To the layman he taught how to live a good, sincere, happy and a purposeful life
and proposed some guidelines to follow to achieve these objectives. Those who do good deeds are
rewarded with positive results and vice versa he said. He also said those who want to improve the
mind should practice to eliminate selfishness, hatred, anger and ignorance. He said right view,
right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and
right concentration will lead to cessation of sorrow and to attain Nirvana the ultimate peace.
Lord Buddha was his own master and preached the knowledge he gained
through enlightenment. He has reached the state of Buddha by improving his self doing merits and
meditation for many years in his previous lives.
For the intellectuals he said the life is sorrow and taught the way to eliminate
the sorrow, by enlightenment. Enlightenment could only be attained through improvement of
knowledge thus the improvement of conscious or mind hence some consider it as a philosophy.
Worshipping is not a requirement in Buddhism though many do it as a habit and a custom.
Long before Newton, Buddha said every action has a reaction including in all conscious deeds.
Those who do good deeds shall be rewarded with positive results and those who do harmful actions
(with a evil intension) may experience in adverse results. The results of our righteous or sinful
deeds Buddha said shall follow our soul in subsequent lives. Apart from heaven and hell he also
said there are other forms of lives after this life.
Just like in thousands of present day books which provide self improvement techniques. Buddha
provided an enormous amount of advice to the layman to improve one's self. He said selfishness,
hatred, anger and ignorance prevent one from self improvement. One who want to improve the mind
should learn to eliminate these four status of mind. He said right view, right resolve, right
speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration
will lead to cessation of Sorrow.
Buddha is said to have supernatural powers such as reading others thoughts. We already know some
people possess super natural powers and extra ordinary abilities. Such status could be achieved
by improving one's mind thought it is not the ultimatum of the Buddhism. Self improvement or the
learning process since the childhood is a way of improving our mind or thinking. It is by
improvement of one's mind that the truth could be understood.
It is up to the individual who follows Buddhism to understand and practice what Lord Buddha had
taught. understanding and practicing is important for self improvement.
The Lord Buddha has shown the way. It is our own responsibility to follow it and understand the
truth.
The way to Nirvana
Right concentration
Right concentration (samyak-samadhi · samma-samadhi), together with right mindfulness, is concerned broadly with the practice of Buddhist meditation.
And what, monks, is right concentration?
(i) Quite withdrawn from sensuality, withdrawn from unwholesome states, a monk enters in the first jhana: rapture and pleasure born from detachment, accompanied by movement of the mind onto the object and retention of the mind on the object.
(ii) With the stilling of directed thought and evaluation, he enters and remains in the second jhana: rapture and pleasure born of concentration; fixed single-pointed awareness free from movement of the mind onto the object and retention of the mind on the object; assurance.
(iii) With the fading of rapture, he remains in equanimity, mindful and fully aware, and physically sensitive of pleasure. He enters and remains in the third jhana which the Noble Ones declare to be "Equanimous and mindful, (he/she) has a pleasurable abiding."
(iv) With the abandoning of pleasure and pain...as with the earlier disappearance of elation and distress...he enters and remains in the fourth jhana: purity of equanimity and mindfulness, neither in pleasure nor in pain.
This, monks, is called right concentration.
Right mindfulness
Right mindfulness
also translated as "right memory", together with right concentration, is concerned broadly with the practice of Buddhist meditation. Roughly speaking, "mindfulness" refers to the practice of keeping the mind alert to phenomena as they are affecting the body and mind. In the Magga-vibhanga Sutta, this aspect of the Noble Eightfold Path is explained as follows:
And what, monks, is right mindfulness?
(i) There is the case where a monk remains focused on (his/her) body in and of itself ... ardent, aware, and mindful ... having already put aside worldly desire and aversion.
(ii) (He/she) remains focused on feelings in and of themselves ... ardent, aware, and mindful ... having already put aside worldly desire and aversion.
(iii) (He/she) remains focused on the mind[13] in and of itself ... ardent, aware, and mindful ... having already put aside worldly desire and aversion.
(iv) (He/she) remains focused on mental qualities[13] in and of themselves ... ardent, aware, and mindful ... having already put aside worldly desire and aversion.
This, monks, is called right mindfulness.
Bhikkhu Bodhi, a monk of the Theravadin tradition, further glosses the concept of mindfulness as follows:
The mind is deliberately kept at the level of bare attention, a detached observation of what is happening within us and around us in the present moment. In the practice of right mindfulness the mind is trained to remain in the present, open, quiet, and alert, contemplating the present event. All judgments and interpretations have to be suspended, or if they occur, just registered and dropped.
Right effort
Right effort (samyag-vyayama · samma-vayama) can also be translated as "right endeavor", and involves the Buddhist practitioner's continuous effort to, essentially, keep his or her mind free of thoughts that might impair his or her ability to realize or put into practice the other elements of the Noble Eightfold Path; for example, wishing ill towards another living being would contradict the injunction—contained in the "Right thought" element—to have good will towards others, and the "Right effort" element refers to the process of attempting to root out such an ill wish and replace it with a good wish. The Buddhist monk Ajahn Chah, of the Thai forest tradition of Theravada Buddhism, described right effort as follows:
Proper effort is not the effort to make something particular happen. It is the effort to be aware and awake in each moment, the effort to overcome laziness and defilement, the effort to make each activity of our day meditation.
By making right effort, a Buddhist practitioner is considered to be engaging in an effort that is wholesome in terms of karma; that is, in terms of that effort's ultimate consequences to the practitioner.
Right livelihood
is based around the concept of ahisa, or harmlessness, and essentially states that Buddhist practitioners ought not to engage in trades or occupations which, either directly or indirectly, result in harm to other living beings. Such occupations include "trading in arms and lethal weapons, intoxicating drinks, poisons, killing animals, [and] cheating", among others. Also, trading in living beings (slave trade and prostitution) . He further names several dishonest means of gaining wealth which fall under wrong livelihood: practicing deceit, treachery, soothsaying, trickery, and usury .
Mental development (Samadhi)
The "mental development" subdivision of the Noble Eightfold Path is constituted by those elements that deal with how a Buddhist practitioner can best go about shaping his or her outlook towards the world.
Right action
Right action
can also be translated as "right conduct" and, as the name implies, deals with the proper way in which a Buddhist practitioner would act in his or her daily life. In the Magga-vibhanga Sutta, this aspect of the Noble Eightfold Path is explained as follows:
And what, monks, is right action? Abstaining from taking life, abstaining from stealing, abstaining from unchastity: This, monks, is called right action.
Together with the idea of ahi?sa and right speech, right action constitutes the Five Precepts (Sanskrit: pañcasila, Pali: pañcasila), which form the fundamental ethical code undertaken by lay followers of Buddhism, and which are as follows:
1. To refrain from destroying living beings.
2. To refrain from stealing.
3. To refrain from sexual misconduct (adultery, rape, etc.).
4. To refrain from false speech (lying).
5. To refrain from intoxicants which lead to heedlessness.
A great website: http://www.metta.lk/
2007-03-02 01:24:17
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answer #6
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answered by Shehan 4
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