As-salaam-mu-alaikum, sister
The 4 major and most well known revealed books are the Torah, Injeel (Bible), Zaboor & the holy Qu'raan.
There were also other smaller revealed books.
The Zaboor was revealed to Dawood (pbuh).
Suleman (pbuh) was Dawood's (pbuh) son, so the people of Suleman (pbuh) probably also followed the Zaboor.
As far as I know the Sabians might have been the subjects / people of the Queen of Sheba (Saba).
Sabaeans of Sheba:
The Sabaeans(السبأيين Arabic ) were an ancient people speaking an Old South Arabian language who lived in what is today Yemen In south west Arabian Peninsula , northern Ethiopia and Eritrea. Their ancient Sabaean Kingdom lasted from the early 1st millennium to the 1st century BC. In the 1st century BC it was conquered by the Himyarites, but after the disintegration of the first Himyarite empire of the Kings of Saba' and dhu-Raydan the Middle Sabaean Kingdom reappeared in the early 2nd century. It was finally conquered by the Himyarites in the late 3rd century. Its capital was Ma'rib. The kingdom was located along the strip of desert called Sayhad by medieval Arab geographers and that is called now Ramlat al-Sab`atayn.
The Sabaean people were one of four ancient Yemeni groups (Greek ethnos) classified by Eratosthenes. The others were the Minaeans, Hadramites and Qatabanians. Each of these had regional kingdoms in ancient Yemen, with the Minaeans in the north along the Red sea, the Sabeans on the south western tip, streaching from the highlands to the sea, the Qatabanians to the east of them and the Hadramites east of them.
The Sabaeans, as were the other Arabian and Yemenite kingdoms of the same period, were involved in the extremely lucrative spice trade, especially frankincense and myrrh.[1]
Most archaeologists now believe them to be the same nation as the Biblical kingdom of Sheba. They left behind many inscriptions in the monumental Musnad (Old South Arabian) alphabet, as well as numerous documents in the cursive Zabur script.
They were polytheistic, and should not be confused with the Sabians mentioned in the Qur'an, whose name is written with the Arabic letter sad rather than sin.
Due to their hegemony of the Red Sea some Sabaeans lived in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea during the Sabaean-influenced kingdom of D`mt. Most modern historians consider this civilization to be indigenous,[1], but some still view, as in the past, D`mt as the result of a mixture of "culturally superior" Sabaeans and indigenous peoples;[2] a very small minority even views the kingdom as wholly Sabaean or Eritreans and Ethiopians as the descendents of ancient Sabaean immigrants, but with little evidence.[3]
Sheba is a southern kingdom mentioned in the Jewish scriptures (Old Testament) and the Qur'an. The actual location of the historical kingdom is disputed between Ethiopia and Yemen. However, it is possible that it could have been situated in Ethiopia as well as Yemen.
In the Old Testament genealogy of the nations (Genesis 10:7), Sheba, along with Dedan, is listed as one of the descendants of Noah's son Ham (i.e. son of Raamah son of Cush son of Ham). In Genesis 25:3, Sheba and Dedan are listed as sons of Jokshan. Another Sheba is listed in the Genesis 10 genealogy as a descendant of Noah's son Shem, i.e. a Semite. (There the genealogy lists Sheba as son of Joktan son of Eber son of Shelah son of Arphaxad son of Shem.)
The nation makes its first appearance in world literature in the form of the Queen of Sheba (named Makeda in Ethiopian tradition and Bilqis in Islamic tradition), who travels to Jerusalem to behold the fame of King Solomon (ca. 980 BC) (1 Kings 10). According to some traditions (the Biblical passage is silent), she either weds or has an affair with Solomon, eventually returning home with their child (Menelik, in Ethiopian tradition). The location of Sheba has thus become closely linked with national prestige, as various royal houses have claimed descent from the Queen of Sheba and Solomon. Long the most vigorous claimant has been Ethiopia and Eritrea, where Sheba was traditionally linked with the ancient Axumite Kingdom. As Ethiopia has remained a Christian state, the connection to Sheba has been an important one, especially to the ruling family, the Solomonic dynasty. The tradition that the biblical Queen of Sheba was a ruler of Ethiopia who visited King Solomon in Jerusalem in ancient Israel is supported by the 1st century A.D. Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, who identified Solomon’s visitor as a queen of Egypt and Ethiopia. Also, there has been surmounting evidence of a region in northern Tigray and Eritrea which called itself Saba. While yet most scholars would call it Ethiopian Saba, which supports the fact that Sabean culture existed both in Ethiopia and Yemen, without one colonizing the other. Recent archaeological evidence has not given strong support to the Ethiopian claim, however[citation needed], and today most scholars believe that, at most, the kingdom of Sheba controlled some coastal regions of Ethiopia and Eritrea while being centered on the southwestern tip of the Arabian peninsula, modern Yemen. Linguistic evidence also points to a close historical relationship between the two sides of the Red Sea, as South Semitic languages are found only in two places: southern Arabia (modern Yemen and Oman), and the Horn of Africa (Eritrea and Ethiopia). The modern Ge'ez alphabet is also descended from the old South Arabian alphabet.
Modern scholars tend to think a link to the Sabaeans of southern Arabia, who inhabited the same region, is the most probable. However, Ethiopisant Donald Levine argued in favor of one Ethiopian tradition that "Sheba is Shewa!"
Ruins in many other countries including Somalia, Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea, and Iran have been credited as being Sheba, but with only minimal evidence, and there has even been a suggestion of a link between the name Sheba and that of Zanzibar.
The Qur'an never mentioned the Queen of Sheba by name, though Arab sources name her Bilqis. The story is similar to the one in the Bible. The Qur'anic narrative has Solomon getting reports of a kingdom ruled by a queen whose people worship the sun. He sends a message inviting her to come to him in submission. She replied with a gift after consulting her people. He replied threatening an invasion. Then one of the jinn servants of Solomon proposed to bring him the throne of Sheba 'in the twinkling of an eye' (27:40). The queen arrives at his court, is shown her throne, and when she enters his crystal palace she accepts Abrahamic monotheism and the worship of God alone.
According to Ibn Kathir, "Stories of the Prophets", Solomon traveled on a Pilgrimage to the Holy Mosque in Mecca (built by prophet Abrahim). Afterwards, he continued south to the city of Sanaa, the modern-day capital of Yemen, where he was impressed by the complex water channeling system. (Geographically, Sanaa is nearby Ma'arib, the believed capital of the Land of Sheba as will be explained.) Solomon sent the hoopoe bird to survey the land as it could detect water underground so that he may build a similar system of irrigation in his own kingdom. The hoopoe returns to an angry king as it he had taken more time than expected with news of a kingdom (Saba) ruled by a queen (Bilqis) worshipping the sun. The Quran does not blatanly mention exactly where the kingdom extended, but many Islamic sources definitely mention the capital of the kingdom as the city of Ma'arib, Yemen, located just 2 hours by car away from Sanaa. Additionally, archaelogical finds have found a temple of worship ("Ma'bed Bilqis", Bilqis' Temple, in Ma'arib, Yemen). Thousands, of years ago, a plague of mice ate through the dam in Ma'arib, causing a flood that literally annihilated the city and its people. The Quran mentions in Surah 34, 15-16 how the Kingdom of Sheba was destroyed centuries after Bilqis because the people reverted to polytheism. "There was, for Saba, aforetime, a sign in their Homeland--two Gardens; to the right and to the left...But they turned away (from God), and we sent against them the flood (released) from the Dams, and we converted their two Garden (rows) into "gardens" producing bitter fruit, and tamarisks, and some few (stunted) Lote-trees" (Abdullah Yusuf Ali translation). There are NO Islamic sources mentioning that Bilqis was the "sister of the sun" or daughter of a jinn/spirit. It is common belief that Bilqis was single at the time of her meeting Solomon and married him shortly thereafter.
And Allah knows best.
2007-02-20 00:07:01
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answer #1
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answered by mystery woman 4
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