Do you mean eyeglasses? Those were invented in China in the 1200s and brought to Italy by Marco Polo.
Ben Franklin is credited with inventing bifocals.
2007-02-15 08:01:11
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answer #1
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answered by nora22000 7
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The first recorded use of a corrective lens was by the emperor Nero, who was known to watch the gladiatorial games using an emerald.[1]
Sunglasses were first used in China in the 12th century or possibly earlier. The "lenses" of these glasses were flat panes of smoky quartz, which offered no corrective powers but did protect the eyes from glare.
Glasses first began to appear in common use in northern Italy late in the 13th century; most likely in the late 1280s. It is not clear when the technology was invented. It has been said that Marco Polo reported seeing many pairs of glasses in China as early as 1275[citation needed]. In 1676, Francesco Redi, a professor of medicine at the University of Pisa, wrote that he possessed a 1289 manuscript whose author complains that he would be unable to read or write were it not for the recent invention of glasses, and a record of a sermon given in 1305, in which the speaker, a Dominican monk named Fra Giordano da Rivalto, remarked that glasses had been invented less than twenty years previously, and that he had met the inventor. Based on this evidence, Redi credited another Dominican monk, Fra Alessandro da Spina of Pisa, with the re-invention of glasses after their original inventor kept them a secret, a claim contained in da Spina's obituary record.
2007-02-15 07:57:55
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answer #2
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answered by Dennis G 5
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Legend, scholastic disputes, travellers' tales, local patriotism and downright fabrications have all encumbered the quest for knowledge on the early history of glasses. Rock glass must have been known in early times, but even manufactured glass has a considerable antiquity. A wall painting at Beni Hasan, which accurately depicts the process of glass blowing, is attributed to the period of the XI th dynasty, though there is no evidence of any manufacture of glass in Egypt till the much later XVIIIth dynasty. References to glass and its manufacture also abound in the Bible. Pliny assigned the origin of glass manufacture to the accidental discovery by Phoenician merchants of a glass-like substance under their cooking pots, which had been supported by blocks of nitron. It is not unlikely that some such accident - the fusion by heat of impure sodium carbonate with sand, started off the quest for a less brittle and more transparent substance than was produced in this manner. The manufacture of glass for the production of vases, mirrors and gems of all sorts had developed into an advanced industry long before Roman times.
Legend has it that St. Jerome (c. 340-420 AD) invented glasses. On more definite evidence the use of glasses in remoter antiquity has been considered. Pliny records the 'Nero princeps gladiatorium pugnas spectabat zmaragdo" and this vague reference to Nero watching gladiatorial contests with an emerald has been read to mean that he used glasses. The emerald may well have had other uses, as a gem, as the sporting of the green colours of the Emperor, as an amulet - for emeralds had a reputation for strengthening the eye - and so on. Presumably Nero was short-sighted, but what is known about his sight rather suggests the photophobia of the albino, for which indeed he may have used green glass as a protective. It is certainly a fact that myopia and the weak sight of old people was well known tot he Romans, but nowhere at that period and for many centuries subsequently is there nay reference to glasses. Indeed myopia was regarded as a permanent defec,. as is shown by the fact that Roman lawyers considered myopia a vicium perpetuum, diminishing the market value of a slave; and as for presbyopia, the only way Roman patricians knew of overcoming it was by getting a slave to read to them.
2007-02-15 07:57:49
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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carry close on slightly there. seek the information of the U. S. patent place of work and the ecu patent place of work for uncomplicated Indian names, like case in point Mookerjee (and variation spelling) or Patel. you will locate a lot of Indians indexed. EDIT You talk approximately copycats? human beings have been the biggest thieves of psychological sources interior the nineteenth century yet Europe grew to become into nonetheless technically earlier than them amazing up till approximately 1930.
2016-10-02 04:57:36
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answer #4
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answered by ? 4
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