What is the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation?

Question

Is a neural tube deffect a chromosomal mutation or a gene mutation? What is the difference between the two types of mutations?

Answer 1

A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations range in size from a single DNA building block (DNA base) to a large segment of a chromosome.

A chromosomal mutation is a mutation involving a long segment of DNA, it is a any change in the structure or arrangement of the chromosomes. These mutations can involve deletions, insertions, or inversions of sections of DNA. In some cases, deleted sections may attach to other chromosomes, disrupting both the chromosomes that loses the DNA and the one that gains it.It is also referred to as a chromosomal rearrangement


Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects of the brain and spinal cord that include anencephaly and spina bifida (meningomyelocele). Deficiency of the vitamin folic acid raises the risk of NTDs, as does mutation of a gene for an enzyme that processes folic acid. The mutation is called the C677T.People with two copies of the T mutation are two and a half times as likely to have a NTD as people with two copies of the normal gene. Now it has been found that people with just one copy of the T gene are also at increased risk for an NTD. They are one and a half times more likely to have a NTD than people with two copies of the normal gene.

There is evidence that some mothers of infants with Down's syndrome have abnormal metabolism of folate and methyl, as well as mutations in folate genes, which are features that are also seen in neural-tube defects (NTD).

Answer 2

Chromosomal Mutation

Answer 3

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A mutation in the chromosome will lead to a gene mutation. Mutations in the chromosomes such as what you have mentioned; i.e. frameshit mutations or base pair substitutions can happen in the chromosome such as in Sickle cell anemia patients with the incorrect insertion / mutation of the nucleotides that code for the (don't have the codon chart on me right now) Valine Amino Acid.... Once, this DNA chromosome is transcribed into mRNA, this will lead to the mutated gene.

Answer 4

Chromosomal Mutations

Chromosomes often break and then rejoin backwards or even to the wrong chromosomes.
Changes in chromosomes are called chromosomal mutations.
Chromosomal mutations occur in all living organisms, but they are especially common in plants.
Few chromosome mutations are passed on to the next generation because the zygote usually dies.



In biology, mutations are changes to the base pair sequence of genetic material (either DNA or RNA). Mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division and by exposure to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, or viruses, or can occur deliberately under cellular control during processes such as meiosis or hypermutation. In multicellular organisms, mutations can be subdivided into germline mutations, which can be passed on to descendants, and somatic mutations. The somatic mutations cannot be transmitted to descendants in animals. Plants sometimes can transmit somatic mutations to their descendants asexually or sexually (in case when flower buds develop in somatically mutated part of plant).

Mutations create variation in the gene pool, and the less favorable (or deleterious) mutations are removed from the gene pool by natural selection, while more favorable (beneficial or advantageous) ones tend to accumulate, resulting in evolutionary change. For example, a butterfly may develop offspring with a new mutation caused say by ultraviolet light from the sun, in most case this mutation is not good since obviously there was no 'purpose' for such change at the molecular level, however sometimes a mutation may change say the butterfly's color making it harder for predators to see it; this is definitely an advantage and the chances of this butterfly surviving and producing its own offspring are a little better, over time the number of butterflys with this mutation may form a large percentage of the species. Neutral mutations are defined as mutations whose effects do not influence the fitness of either the species or the individuals who make up the species. These can accumulate over time due to genetic drift. The overwhelming majority of mutations have no significant effect, since DNA repair is able to mend most changes before they become permanent mutations, and many organisms have mechanisms for eliminating otherwise permanently mutated somatic cells.

Answer 5

chromosomal mutations is the disruption or break in normal chromosomal content in cells whilst genetic mutation is a single base pair being coded wrong, not coded all or being added affecting the gene (coding wrong amino acids which affects the entire protein).

Answer 6

Gene Mutation -Change in a gene's DNA sequence by single base change, insertion or deletion. Single base substitution mutation when the change in the DNA base sequence results in a new codon still coding for the same amino acid called silent mutation not affect protein function. Missense mutation:One triplet codon altered, results in one wrong codon and one wrong amino acid. -Non acceptable missense:result in the replacement of one amino acid with another with completely different function. -Acceptable missense: results in replacement of one A.A by another with rather same function Nonsense mutation: change a codon that specifies an amino acid into a termination codon lead to shortened protein because translation of the mRNA ends at this new termination codon instead of continuing to the correct termination codon further downstream. Insertion or Deletion Multiple of 3 (codon), deletion or insertion of amino acids in protein. Not multiple of 3, Frameshift or a framing error. Chromosomal Mutation Change the number of chromosomes (Numerical abnormalities)(Monosomy, Trisomy) or when structural changes occur in the chromosomes (Structural Abnormalities). This can take several forms: - Portion of the chromosome is missing or deleted. - Duplications: A portion of the chromosome is duplicated, resulting in extra genetic material. - Translocations:When a portion of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome. - Inversions: A portion of the chromosome has broken off, turned upside down and reattached,therefore, the genetic material is inverted.

Answer 7

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