What types of wood are there?

Answer 1

There are quite a few to answer your too vague question. There are Hard woods, Soft woods, Treated woods, Exotic woods. And so on. Without specifying your need, this is a most difficult question to help you with. Once finetuned, I'm sure you will find some worthy answers.

Answer 2

There are 1000's of species of trees that can yield useful lumber. Overall the can be narrowed down into two broad categories, Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. Angiosperms grow their seeds in a protective fruit, while Gymnosperms grow their seeds "naked" in a cone. Any wood that comes from a conifer (Gymnosperm) is considered a soft wood, and any Angiosperm is a hardwood. The differentiation between hard and soft wood has nothing to do with actual hardness of the wood since pine is a soft wood and balsa is a hardwood. More specifically, and I will likely overlook a few, there are fruitwoods (bear edible fruit) mahoganies, rosewoods, oily woods, oaks, pines, firs, ebonies (white and black), nut woods, and probably many other broad categories.