2007-02-01 01:12:55 · 6 answers · asked by teja k 1 in Science & Mathematics ➔ Botany
Genetic engineering, genetic modification (GM) and gene splicing are terms for the process of manipulating genes, generally implying that the process is outside the organism's natural reproductive process.
It involves the isolation, manipulation and reintroduction of DNA into cells or model organisms, usually to express a protein. The aim is to introduce new characteristics or attributes physiologically or physically, such as making a crop resistant to a herbicide, introducing a novel trait, or producing a new protein or enzyme, along with altering the organism to produce more of certain traits. Examples can include the production of human insulin through the use of modified bacteria, the production of erythropoietin in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, and the production of new types of experimental mice such as the OncoMouse (cancer mouse) for research, through genetic redesign.
Since a protein is specified by a segment of DNA called a gene, future versions of that protein can be modified by changing the gene's underlying DNA. One way to do this is to isolate the piece of DNA containing the gene, precisely cut the gene out, and then reintroduce (splice) the gene into a different DNA segment. Daniel Nathans and Hamilton Smith received the 1978 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their isolation of restriction endonucleases, which are able to cut DNA at specific sites. Together with ligase, which can join fragments of DNA together, restriction enzymes formed the initial basis of recombinant DNA technology
2007-02-02 22:10:17 · answer #1 · answered by babitha t 4 · 0⤊ 0⤋
When you alter the gentetic format of an organism, eg, you can insert a gene or knock out a gene....For instance a tomato which has been genetically modified has had the ripening gene (DNA code fo ripening ) altered to slow down ripening.....Genetic manipulation is often used as a tool to descover how genes work....
2007-02-01 01:26:14 · answer #2 · answered by monkeylover_chick 1 · 0⤊ 0⤋
It is a laboratory process by which genetic make up of any organism (plant, animal, microbe) is modified which may or may not change its functions. Naturally genetic modification of organisms by viruses, or bacteria can not be considered as genetic manipulation.
By this process, we can examin gene regulation, or physiologi of organism or we can get benefit from ultimate product produced as result of that genetic modification.
2007-02-01 03:14:35 · answer #3 · answered by Habib A 3 · 0⤊ 0⤋
I personally saw a mouse altered to emit light like a jellyfish !
And I saw a photo of a light emitting pig too.
They added the gene for the light to the genome of the mouse.
Would you like to run faster, keep your breath for 30 minutes, have your bones not going brittle when you are in space without gravity, select the color of the eyes of your son, change the DNA of your son so he will not be affected by genetic diseases ?
Maybe in the future it will be possible....
2007-02-01 01:41:53 · answer #4 · answered by scientific_boy3434 5 · 0⤊ 0⤋
It means they have found a way to change or alter gentics.
2007-02-01 01:21:04 · answer #5 · answered by kristy h 3 · 0⤊ 1⤋
it is "playing" with genetic material...modifying it etc.
2007-02-01 05:36:28 · answer #6 · answered by Ioana M 2 · 0⤊ 0⤋