Factors affecting Cardiac Output?

Question

Which of these factors lead to an increase in cardiac output and which ones lead to a decrease?
-Epinephrine
-Thyroxine
-Hemorrhage
-Fear
-Exercise
-Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
-Activation of the vagus nerves
-Low blood pressure
-High blood pressure
-Fever


Thank you!

Answer 1

Sound like a homework assignment? I can give you the answers, but it might be important for you to understand why.

- Epinephrine - increase
- Thyroxine - increase
- Hemorrhage - both - depends on home much and how fast
- Fear - Increase
- Exercise - increase
- Activation of the sympathetic nervous system - see above
- Activation of the vagus nerves - no net effect most of the time, but in excess can cause decrease (fainting for example)
- Low blood pressure - depends on why the blood pressure is low. It could be either.
- High blood pressure - see low blood pressure
- Fever - increase

Now I suspect you were looking for much simpler explanation than the ones I gave, perhaps for a high school biology or health class. Therefore, I will tell you, you need to look up the answers in your book. While I stand behind the validity of my answers, they may not be the answers you need.

Answer 2

difficult task. browse at yahoo or google. just that will help!