sesame oil is use to flavour dishes
sesame seeds can be used for garnishes, for pastries/baked goods and to be cooked with
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is one of about 15 species of herbaceous plants of the genus Sesamum native to Africa and Asia, and is the most widely cultivated species for its nutritious seeds and oil. The seeds are recommended by Chinese herbalists for nursing mothers to stimulate milk flow and for men to prevent hair loss. Sesame seed is also a traditional toothache remedy and contains at least seven pain-relieving compounds. The seed is still today recommended for treating tinnitus, blurred vision and dizziness. Sesame seed meal is an excellent source of both calcium (43.3 mg/oz) and antioxidants. The seed is also rich in the amino acid arginine (2.5% or 713mg/oz), which according to naturopaths is important for countering low sperm counts and in phenylalanine (255mg/oz) for relieving pain. It is recommended that men get approximately 4 grams of arginine per day to boost sperm counts. Sesame seed meal is also very rich in glutamine (3.8% or 1.1g/oz) – an important amino acid precursor for glutathione, said by medical researchers to be the most important self-made antioxidant in the human body. Sesame seed oil is rich in linoleic acid Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids (35.0 - 50.0%), oleic acid (Omega-9 monosaturated fats) (35.0 - 50.0%) and Vitamin E (4% or .556 mg/tbsp). The oil is also extremely rich in phytosterols (117.64 mg/tbsp), mainly beta sitosterol and contains two other powerful phytochemicals, sesamin and episesamin, lignans known to stimulate cellular regeneration, detoxification and cleansing. The exposure of abnormal human blood cells to sesamin and episesamin (isolated from unroasted sesame seed oil), led to both growth inhibition of abnormal cells and the induction of apoptosis. Phytosterols, such as beta sitosterol, have been shown to be as effective as conventional drugs for relieving frequent urination in aging men suffering from prostate conditions and quickly lower cholesterol.
Active Ingredients:
Sesame seed oil contains: Palmitic acid (7.0 - 12.0%); Stearic acid (3.5 - 6.0%); Oleic acid (Omega 9) (35.0 - 50.0%); Linoleic acid (Omega 6) (35.0 - 50.0%), phytosterols (117.64 mg/tbsp) and Vitamin E (4% or .556 mg/tbsp) (1tbsp = 13.6 g)
Sesame seed meal (partially defatted) contains: Water 5%; Protein 17% or 4.8 g/oz; Total lipid (fat) 48% or 13.6 g/oz; Carbohydrate, by difference 26% or 7.4 g/oz; Ash 4% or 1.13 g/oz; Minerals including Calcium 43.3 mg/oz; Iron 4.1 mg/oz; Magnesium 98.1 mg/oz; Phosphorus 219.4 mg/oz; Potassium 115.1 mg/oz; Sodium 11.0 mg/oz; Zinc 2.9 mg/oz; Copper 0.41 mg/oz; and Manganese 0.40 mg/oz. Vitamins including Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B-6; Folate and Vitamin A. Amino acids including: Tryptophan, Threonine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Cystine, Phenylalanine 255mg/oz, Tyrosine, Valine, Arginine 2.5% or 713mg/oz, Histidine, Alanine, Glutamic acid 3.8% or 1.1g/oz, Glycine, Proline and Serine. (1 oz = 28.35 g) (Information taken from The National Agriculture Library's USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference at http://www.nal.usda.gov).
Suggested Amount:
Sesame Seeds and Meal: Take one to two tablespoons of sesame seeds or seed meal per day or as needed based on nutrient requirements.
For Toothache: Boil one part sesame seed with two parts water until half the liquid remains and apply this directly to the tooth and/or gum disease.
To Stimulate Milk Flow: The Chinese roast and grind the seeds and then eat them with a small amount of salt.
Sesame seed oil: Take one to two teaspoons of sesame seed oil per day or as needed based on nutrient requirements. Sesame seed oil, rich in omega-6 and 9 fatty acids but lacking in important omega-3 EFAs, should be taken as part of a balanced oil blend.
Drug Interactions:
None known
Contraindications:
None known
Side Effects:
Sesame seeds, meal and oil, taken as a part of a well balanced diet, does not cause any side effects. Because sesame seed oil is rich in omega-6 and 9 fatty acids but contains no omega-3 EFAs, it should be taken as part of an EFA balanced oil blend.
The seeds contain about 50 to 60% of a fatty oil, which is characterized by a two lignanes, sesamin and sesamolin (approximately 300 ppm in the oil), whence during refinement two phenolic antioxidants, sesamol (3,4-methylenedioxyphenol) and sesaminol, are formed.
Sesame oil is mostly composed of triglycerides of the singly unsaturated oleic acid (40%) and the doubly unsaturated linoleic acid (45%), besides approximately 10% saturated fats (iodine index 110). Because of its powerful antioxidant and because triply unsaturated fatty acids are missing, sesame oil has an excellent shelf life.
Oriental sesame oil owes its characteristic flavour to a huge number of compounds which form only during the toasting procedure. Most prominent are 2-furylmethanthiol, which also plays an important part in the flavour of coffee and roasted meat, guajacol (2-methoxyphenol), phenylethanthiol and furaneol (4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)furanone); furthermore, vinylguacol, 2,4-decadienal, 2-pentylpyridine and other O- or N-containing heterocycles are reported (2-acetyl pyrroline, 2-pentyl pyridine, alkylated and acylated pyrazines). The heterocyclic compound 2-acetyl pyrroline is thought to be the impact aroma compound of South-East Asian pandanus leaves.
Yet other sources claim that pyrazines are the key aroma compounds of toasted sesame seeds. It was found out that pyrazines dominate the flavour for mild toasting conditions (160 °C), while toasting at higher temperature (200 °C) leads to increased formation of furanes.
Sesame plant with flowers
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Origin
Sesame is an ancient cultigen. Today, it is mostly grown in India and the Far East (China, Korea), but its origin is probably tropic Africa (although some other sources seem to favour an Indian origin).
Etymology
The name sesame and most of its pendants in present-day European languages goes back to Greek sesamon [σήσαμον] (Mycenaean Greek sasaman [𐀭𐀭𐀔]) which is itself a non-Indo-European loan. Perhaps, it derives via Phoenician ššmn from Akkadian šamaššammu; other Semitic forms are Aramaic šumšəm [ܫܘܡܫܡ] or šušma [ܫܘܫܡܐ], Hebrew sumsum [שומשום] and modern Arabic simsim [سمسم]. The Akkadian word can be interpreted as a compound of šamnu [𒉌] “fat, oil” and šammum [𒌑] “plant”. The first element derives from a Semitic root ŠMN “fat” which is common across the Semitic tongues, e.g., Arabic samn [سمن] “fat, clarified butter”, Hebrew shemen [שמן] “oil” Ugaritic shamn [𐎌𐎎𐎐] “oil”.
In some languages of the Middle East, sesame is named differently: Pashto kunjite [كونجتې], Kazakh künjit [күнжіт], Turkmen künji and Azerbaijani küncüt evolved via Modern Farsi konjed [کنجد] from Middle Persian kunjid. The word was borrowed by Russian as kunzhut [кунжут] and entered a few more Western languages, like Estonian kunžuut and Yiddish kunzhut [קונזשוט].
In India, where sesame is cultivated since the Harappan period, there are two independent names for it: Sanskrit tila [तिल] is the source of all Names in North India, and some Southern Indian names also, e.g., Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and Bengali til [तिल, تل, ਤਿਲ, তিল], Gujarati tel [તેલ], Sinhala tala [තල] and Dhivehi tileyo [ތިލޭއޮ], but also Telugu tillu [తిలలు]. The origin of that word family is not known, yet there is a similar Akkadian term tallum meaning “oil”.
In contrast, most of the Dravidian languages in South India feature an independent name for sesame exemplified by Tamil and Kannada ellu [எள்ளு, ಎಳ್ಳು]. Quite interestingly, the latter name reminds of Greek elaia [ἐλαία] “olive” and Akkadian ellu “fruit, olive”, hinting at a possible common origin for the names of two locally important oil crops.
From both Indian roots, words with the generalized meaning “oil; liquid fat” are derived, e.g., Sanskrit taila [तैल] and Dhivehi theyo [ތޭއޮ] vs. Tamil enney [என்னெய்], the latter being formed from ellu [எள்ளு] “sesame” and ney [நெய்] “fat”; see coconut for the second element. Cf. also Malayalam enna [എണ്ണ] and Kannada enne [ಎಣ್ಣೆ] “oil”, probably a parallel construction. Similar semantic shifts from the name of an oil crop to a general word “fat, oil” are also known for other languages, e.g., “olive” is related to English “oil”.
English gingelly (now largely obsolete) and Portuguese gergelim (common in Brazil only) have their origin in the early colonial period; their origin is Arabic juljulan [جلجلان] “sesame”, which allegedly derives from an Arabic noun jaljala [جلجلة] “sound, echo”, referring to the rattling sound of ripe seeds within the capsule; obviously, the Arabic term has an onomatopoetic character. There are a few cognate names, e.g., Maltese ġulġlien, Hindi gingli [गिंगली] and Spanish ajonjolí. Other, now uncommon, names of sesame in English are tilseed (from Hindi/Urdu til [तिल, تل]) and benseed or benne (from Wolof bene).
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2007-01-31 08:14:08
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answer #9
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answered by winnie e 2
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