In comparative religion, fundamentalism has come to refer to several different understandings of religious thought and practice, through literal interpretation of religious texts of the Bible or the Qur'an & sometimes also anti-modernist movements in various religions.
Fundamentalism, the term is used , is a fairly recent creation closely linked w/ the historical & cultural contexts of 1920s U.S. Protestantism the Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy in the Presbyterian Church
Since then the term has been 'exported' abroad and applied to a wide variety of religions including Buddhism, Judaismm & Islam. Fundamentalism should not be confused w/ Revivalist movements which can be traced back much further in time and are not specific to 20th Century America
contemporary sense, Fundamentalism is a continuing historicaly is characterized by a sense of embattled alienation in the midst of the surrounding culture, even where the culture may be nominally influenced by the adherents' religion.
The term can also refer specifically to the belief that one's religious texts are infallible and historically accurate, despite possible contradiction of these claims by modern scholarship.
Many groups described as fundamentalist often strongly object to this term because of the negative connotations it carries, or because it implies a similarity between themselves and other groups & they find objectionable.
There are twelve volumes called The Fundamentals (1910-1915) provided a wide listing of things considered inimical to the Faith: Romanism., Catholicism), Socialism, modern philosophy, Christian Science), Mormonism, spiritualism channeling, and the like, but above all, "liberal theology", which rested on a naturalistic interpretation of the doctrines of the faith,
The doctrines they defined and defended covered the whole range of traditional Christian teachings.
Christian fundamentalists, who generally consider the term to be positive when used to refer to themselves, often object to the placement of themselves and Islamist groups into a single category & feel that characteristics based on the new definition are wrongly projected back onto Christian fundamentalists by their critics.
For religious fundamentalists, sacred scripture is considered the authentic, and literal word of their religion's god.
Fundamentalist beliefs depend on the twin doctrines that their god articulated his will precisely to prophets, and that followers also have a reliable and perfect record of that revelation.
Self-described Christian fundamentalists , in Scripture a combination of the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, as both infallible and historically accurate. The New Testament represents a new covenant between God and human beings, held to fulfill the Old Testament, in regard to God's redemptive plan. On the basis of this confidence in Scripture, many fundamentalist Christians accept the account of scripture as being literally true.
Over time the term came to be associated with a particular part of evangelical Protestantism & distinguished themselves by their separatist approach toward modernity, toward aspects of the culture which they feel typify the modern world, & toward other Christians who did not separate themselves to being similiar.
The word evangelicalism usually refers to religious practices and traditions which are found in conservative, almost always Protestant Christianity. Evangelicalism is an emphasis on evangelism, a personal experience of conversion, biblically oriented faith and a belief in the relevance of Christian faith to cultural issues.
The term 'evangelical', in a less commonly used sense, refers to anything implied in the belief that Jesus is the Messiah. The word comes from the Greek word for 'Gospel' or 'good news': εÏ
αγγελιον evangelion, from eu- "good" and angel "message".
In that strictest sense, to be evangelical would mean to be merely Christian, that is, founded upon, motivated by, acting in agreement with, spreading the good news message of the New Testament.
early years, what was to become known as evangelicalism was largely a hybrid of the Reformed emphasis on doctrinal orthodoxy, and the emphasis on the heart and a "personal relationship" with God. The movement saw a variety of styles and ministry approaches, though strong preaching, personal conversion & evangelism were common features.
Evangelicals today are at least as varied as ever.
Some work entirely within their own denominations, others pay less heed to denominational differences and may be members of less formal and locally based, independent churches
. Many of these nondenominational churches have grown to large sizes and are often called megachurches.
There is a long-standing evangelical tradition of taking to needy areas for practical assistance (medical, educational) along with the gospel, though eschewing attempts, at home or abroad, to influence society by means other than the gospel.
In the U.S. the Religious Right is especially influential in the Republican Party, which is sometimes perceived to be the political wing of the conservative Evangelical movement.
George W. Bush, elected president of the U.S. in 2000, is a self-identified born again Christian who received strong support from evangelical voters. The Bush Administration is guided by the President's values which often reflect core evangelical beliefs. Consequently, criticism of controversial conservative political stances frequently falls on the U.S. evangelical movement as a whole.
The terms "fundamentalist" and "evangelical" are sometimes conflated, because the movements have common origins. beginning in the 1930s some conservative Protestants began to distance themselves from the extreme anti-modernism of more-vocal fundamentalists &adopted the term "neo-evangelical" to describe themselves.
Since then it has been possible to describe evangelicals as Christians who are conservative in their theology and usually, although not necessarily, conservative in their politics.
An evangelical is any Christian who holds historically orthodox or conservative theological views. In common use, the term applies to western Christians outside the Roman Catholic Church.
In some countries, particularly Germany, evangelical is a Protestant.
Some, but not all evangelicals are fundamentalists.
Fundamentalist
A fundamentalist is a person of any religion who espouses conservative theological, political, and social views.
They are often estranged from the religious establishment, which they sometimes perceive as needing repairs or replacement. Thus there are Islamic fundamentalists, Mormon fundamentalists, and so on. The first time that any group of Christians proclaimed themselves to be fundamentalists was in a meeting that took place in about 1900 in the United States. Accordingly, most Christians who call themselves fundamentalists live within the United States or are affiliated with religious movements that have roots in the United States. In general, they take the Bible at face-value within their own context, & subscribe to be a modern form of millennialism. However, since the term fundamentalist often has the force of an epithet when used by outsiders, many fundamentalists have recently started to call themselves evangelicals.
Evangelical: "Evangelical" is not a well-defined term with a universally accepted meaning. It normally refers to a major portion of the conservative "wing" of Protestant Christianity
Evangelicals tend to take very conservative views on social matters, like access to abortion, equal rights for gays and lesbians, etc.
Many Evangelical congregations serve parishioners who are mainly of a single race.
Fundamentalists comprise the most conservative wing of Evangelicalism.
Most Evangelicals tend to be less anti-scientific and less literal in their interpretation of Biblical passages than are Fundamentalists.
Evangelicals generally believe in the historical doctrines of the Christian church:
Fundamentalist: Within Christianity, this is a term used since the 1920's to refer to the most religiously conservative group within Protestant Christianity.
Fundamentalism in the American Dictionary is defined as one who "believe in a literal interpretation of a religious text as in the Bible, etc." True enough, but to claim belief in anything without ever reading it is at best asinine. But there is more to this as the Grolier Encyclopedia defines it: Fundamentalism is a term popularly used to describe strict adherence to Christian doctrines based on a literal interpretation of the Bible. This usage derives from a late-19th- and early-20th-century transdenominational Protestant movement that opposed the accommodation of Christian doctrine to modern scientific theory and philosophy. It is in reality a political/social movement claiming to be a religion. In fact they claim over and over that everything should be subordinated to their version of Scripture.
Arab Islamic fundamentalists kill themselves when they explode a boat filled with high explosives, severely damaging a USS Cole and killing 17 American sailors.
To many, they are heroes. This was an early warning to the Muslim terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
An Iranian Islamic fundamentalist kills his own sister for dating an American. The same events occur again and again in Jordan, Pakistan, etc. as women are killed for assorted "sins" by their own families. The killers are hailed as heroes.
A Christian fundamentalist cult known as the Branch Davideans opens fire on federal officers serving a warrant, killing several officers. Believing the US Government possessed by Satan.
They committed mass suicide by burning their Waco commune to the ground claiming almost 90 lives, many of the children also.Some Christian fundamentalists hailed them as heroes and martyrs, and insisted Satan in fact possessed the government.
They are types of believers, charismatic is gifted and drawing people into joining into the worship, similar to pentecostal &evangelical is being an outreach and going out and sharing the gospel with others &fundamentalistic is similar to being legalistic emphasizing the elementary or basic principles of the Bible often lacking the supernatural manifestations of the Holy Spirit.
Evangelical and Fundamentalists are more "schools of thought" among more conservative Protestants and pop-evangelicals
Hope this all helps
2007-01-31 08:25:47
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answer #9
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answered by Lynnrose2 3
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