cystology Excactly what is this procedure and can it cause side effects?

Answer 1

Cystoscopy is the use of a scope (cystoscope) to examine the bladder. This is done either to look at the bladder for abnormalities or to help with surgery being performed on the inside of the urinary tract (transurethral surgery).



Areas that can be examined include the following:


Urethra or urinary channel, which includes the prostate in men


Bladder, which collects and stores urine


The 2 ureters, which are small internal tubes that conduct the urine made by each kidney into the bladder


A urologic surgeon, or urologist, performs cystoscopy. The procedure involves looking at the urinary tract from the inside. Abnormalities can be detected in this manner, and surgical procedures can be performed.


You would commonly have cystoscopy for the evaluation of blood in the urine. There are many other indications for the procedure, including the evaluation and treatment of kidney stones, bladder or ureteral tumors, prostate surgery, and urethral strictures (narrowings).


Simple procedures can be performed in the doctor's office with only a local anesthetic. Most procedures, however, are performed in a hospital operating room as an outpatient. A variety of different anesthetics can be used to make the procedure as comfortable as possible.

Risks
Cystoscopy is generally a safe procedure. Serious complications are rare. As with any surgery, there is the risk of infection, bleeding, and complications from the anesthesia. In all but the simplest procedures, antibiotics are used before the surgery to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infection. Bleeding is generally controlled during the procedure with the use of cautery.



A complication unique to cystoscopy is the risk of perforation or a tear. A perforation can occur anywhere along the urinary tract—the urethra, bladder, or ureter. The risk of perforation increases with the complexity of the procedure being performed. Most perforations can be managed conservatively, without open surgery. A small flexible tube called a stent can be placed in the ureter to bridge a perforation of the ureter and to allow urine to drain into the bladder. Similarly, a Foley catheter (a flexible rubberized tube) can be placed into the bladder to divert urine from the bladder and urethra while a perforation heals.


Cystoscopic procedures can also create scar tissue. This tissue can cause a stricture, or narrowing, in the urethra, which may cause difficulties during urination. Sometimes an additional cystoscopic procedure is necessary to remove the scar tissue. This complication is almost exclusive to males and most commonly results from urethral manipulation such as resection of the prostate.


Men can sometimes experience pain and swelling in the testicles after an extensive procedure. This is called epididymitis, or epididymo-orchitis, depending on the portion of the testicle involved. This complication is rare.


For a variety of reasons, urinary retention (inability to urinate) can occur after cystoscopy. This will generally require the placement of a catheter to drain the bladder.


Swelling caused by the procedure can obstruct the flow of urine.


The bladder can also become distended during the procedure, which temporarily weakens the voiding muscles.


Anesthesia plays a significant role in the development of urinary retention as well. Even people who have surgery in areas of the body away from the urinary tract can have difficulty urinating after surgery.


After the Procedure
Most people undergoing cystoscopy will be able to go home the same day as the procedure. Recovery depends on the type of anesthesia. If only local anesthetic is used, you can go home immediately. For other people, a recovery period of 1-4 hours is necessary. During this observation period, the anesthetic will wear off, and you will need to be able to urinate prior to leaving

Answer 2

cystocopy is going in to the urethra with a tube and a microscope to look at the bladder.

Answer 3

Do you mean cystoscopy? They put a camera in and look at your bladder with it.