Who knows how non-magnetic media operates?

Question

I have the idea of how magnetic media works but i can't find a decent description of how non-magnetic media operates. Can someone please help me.

Answer 1

chips use the famous 0 and 1 to store data and so does the OPTICAL MEDIA as in CD's only the cd reads non-reflective microscopic part of a cd as a 0's and the microscopic reflective parts as 1's