human anotomy question?

Question

a jogger has stepped in a pothole and sprained his ankle. what organ systems(more than one) have suffered damage. explain you answer please.

one more thing how are ions important to the human body, thanks

Answer 1

Skeletal-damage to ligaments and perhaps bone
Musclular-trauma to muscles and tendons to the area
Vascular-vessles were probally damages,esp if bruise forms
Nervous?-could have possibly twisted or compressed nerves in the area.
Integument?-are there any cuts or scratches on him

Answer 2

Certainly the body's largest organ, its skin may be damaged. Followed my the muscular-skeletal system, where muscles are perhaps strained, pulled, or possibly even torn. The vascular system will undoubtedly be involved, that is evidenced by bruising.
The swelling is caused by the body's natural defense mechanism to protect the injured area. Extra blood, body fluids, and the muscle becoming larger because of this is what swelling is. The area will also become warmer due to the extra blood flow.
If it is a severely damaged ankle the nerves in the surrounding area could be affected, but that is highly improbable.
If a bone is damaged, then it is no longer considered a sprain and this can be eliminated as a source of problem.

Answer 3

Anatomy, chemistry, and human biology will be the most helpful. Even just general biologic sciences courses are good. In hygiene school you will be required to take these (and more) in greater detail. Having some exposure will help make it easier for you. Asking to shadow a hygienist is a great idea. It is usually a requirement upon acceptance to a hygiene school anyway.

Answer 4

I do not think an "organ system" is qualified here. Traditionally, an organ is an object that performs a function although the vascular system in the area as well as the neurological aspects of the local area may have been damaged. Also, there may have been some muscle damage, but on a local basis, they do not qualify to be termed an "organ".

Answer 5

Ahhh well!... another one brings her homework to yahooo!
pertaining to the answer, i do agree with curious' views on this one.. for if it were to be a fracture, it is unlikely to be a sprain!
by definition:
"A sprain (from the French espraindre - to wring) is an injury which occurs to ligaments caused by a sudden overstretching (for the muscle injury, see strain). The ligament is usually only stretched, but sometimes it can be snapped, slightly torn, or ruptured, all of which are more serious and require longer to heal."
A sprained ankle is a very common injury. Approximately 25,000 people experience it each day. A sprained ankle can happen to athletes and non-athletes, children and adults. It can happen when you take part in sports and physical fitness activities. It can also happen when you simply step on an uneven surface, or step down at an angle.
The ligaments of the ankle hold the ankle bones and joint in position. They protect the ankle joint from abnormal movements-especially twisting, turning, and rolling of the foot.
A ligament is an elastic structure. Ligaments usually stretch within their limits, and then go back to their normal positions. When a ligament is forced to stretch beyond its normal range, a sprain occurs. A severe sprain causes actual tearing of the elastic fibers.
Ankle sprains happen when the foot twists, rolls or turns beyond its normal motions. A great force is transmitted upon landing. You can sprain your ankle if the foot is planted unevenly on a surface, beyond the normal force of stepping. This causes the ligaments to stretch beyond their normal range in an abnormal position.

Mechanism of injury

If there is a severe in-turning or out-turning of the foot relative to the ankle, the forces cause the ligaments to stretch beyond their normal length. If the force is too strong, the ligaments can tear. You may lose your balance when your foot is placed unevenly on the ground. You may fall and be unable to stand on that foot. When excessive force is applied to the ankle's soft tissue structures, you may even hear a "pop." Pain and swelling result.

The amount of force determines the grade of the sprain. A mild sprain is a Grade 1. A moderate sprain is a Grade 2. A severe strain is a Grade 3. (See Table 1.)


Grade 1 sprain: Slight stretching and some damage to the fibers (fibrils) of the ligament.

Grade 2 sprain: Partial tearing of the ligament. If the ankle joint is examined and moved in certain ways, abnormal looseness (laxity) of the ankle joint occurs.

Grade 3 sprain: Complete tear of the ligament. If the examiner pulls or pushes on the ankle joint in certain movements, gross instability occurs.

Now, let's look at the structural injuries caused by the sprain-
musculoskeletal system- ligaments: if it a lateral strain, caused by intwisting of the ankle, then the likely ligaments injured are the lateral collateral ligament and the spring ligament.
whereas, if the ankle gets twisted inwards, the likely ligament injured would be the medial collateral ligament of the foot.
muscle injuries could occur to the peroneus longus and tertius.
the skin(integumentary system) could get bruised/ruptured .
localised blood vessels/microvasculature( cardiovascular system) could be damaged resulting in extensive bruising.. specially if the posterior tibial artery is injured around the lateral malleolus of the ankle.
Nerve damages(nervous system) could involve the common peroneal nerve or the anterior tibial nerve.
that's about all that should be damaged in a foot sprain...ideally!

hope that finds you well!!
and ions are involved in transporting several electrically charged fuids in and out of our cells...the cell membrane and the fluid inside the cell contains several ionic charges..read more about it.. for it is a topic that cannot be elaborated over a few lines... good luck!..
the body's a wonderworld (dunno who sang that)!!

Answer 6

Every system including cardiovascular,respiratory and nervous system are effected. Skin,muscles,bones,ligaments, are also effected. Digestive and genito urinary system are least effected.It is he ankle of a whole human being , not human being`s single ankle that suffers.

Answer 7

Definitely the musculoskeletal system, probably the vascular system (blood vessels in the area), and possibly the integumentary system (skin).