what the differences between recalcitrant seed and orthodox?

Answer 1

In terms of their ability to be stored seed-bearing plants fall into two categories, those that produce what are termed "orthodox" desiccation-tolerant seeds and those that have "recalcitrant", desiccation-sensitive seeds.
The ability of orthodox seeds to undergo maturation drying and withstand lowered temperatures has enabled humans to store this type of seed and, in fact seed storage can be considered as ancient as agriculture itself. Orthodox seeds include most grain and legume types.
Recalcitrant seeds, unlike their orthodox counterparts, do not undergo a period of maturation drying during their development, and as a consequence, they are shed from the parent plant at high water content. Since these seeds are sensitive to desiccation and generally also to chilling, they cannot be stored under the conditions that facilitate storage of orthodox seeds. A number of economically important tropical and sub-tropical crop species are characterised by having recalcitrant seeds e.g. Camellia sinensis (tea) and Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) amongst others. At present the only practical method of conservation of these seeds is by storage at ambient temperatures and a relative humidity allowing maintenance of the seed water content at that characterising, or only a little below, the newly shed state. This approach which is termed "wet storage" is useful only in the short-tern. Because their seeds are short lived, and in order to maintain desirable varieties of crop species that produce recalcitrant seeds they are propagated vegetatively.

Answer 2

Recalcitrant Seeds

Answer 3

Define Recalcitrant

Answer 4

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what the differences between recalcitrant seed and orthodox?