how does an oven toaster work?

Answer 1

One good example is the light bulb.

If you have one with the clear glass you will see a thin piece of wire called the filament, when you switch the power on the filament heats up and produce light.

The same principle applies to your oven toaster, but it uses a thicker wire and it is designed to give give more heat than light.

On oven toaster there is also a thermal switch that you can set (in terms of minutes with corresponding heat settings, see the color chart), once the required temperature is reach, it causes the internal switch to open and you just wait for the time to finish, if the temperature is well below the required setting and the thermal switch cools down, it will close the switch and heats up the coil again, and the process of maintaining the temperature repeats.