how is methane obtained, made, found, used?

Answer 1

Methane is a significant and plentiful fuel which is the principal component of natural gas. Burning one molecule of methane in the presence of oxygen releases one molecule of CO2 (carbon dioxide) and two molecules of H2O:

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O


SOURCES OF METHANE

Natural gas fields:
The major source of methane is extraction from geological deposits known as natural gas fields. It is associated with other hydrocarbon fuels and sometimes accompanied by helium and nitrogen. The gas at shallow levels (low pressure) is formed by anaerobic decay of organic matter and reworked methane from deep under the Earth's surface. In general, sediments buried deeper and at higher temperatures than those which give oil generate natural gas.


Alternative sources
Apart from gas fields an alternative method of obtaining methane is via biogas generated by the fermentation of organic matter including manure, wastewater sludge, municipal solid waste, or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. Methane hydrates/clathrates (icelike combinations of methane and water on the seafloor, found in vast quantities) are a potential future source of methane. Significant quantities are also produced by cattle -- not by flatulence, as in common myth, but 95% through belching[2][3]. The livestock sector in general (primarily cattle, chickens, and pigs) produces 37% of all human-induced methane"[4].

Industrially, methane can be created from common atmospheric gases and hydrogen (produced, perhaps, by electrolysis) through chemical reactions such as the Sabatier process, Fischer-Tropsch process. Coal bed methane extraction is a method for extracting methane from a coal deposit.

USES

Fuel
For more on the use of methane as a fuel, see: natural gas

Methane is important for electrical generation by burning it as a fuel in a gas turbine or steam boiler. Compared to other hydrocarbon fuels, burning methane produces less carbon dioxide for each unit of heat released. Also, methane's heat of combustion is about 902 kJ/mol, which is lower than any other hydrocarbon, but if a ratio is made with the atomic weight (16.0 g/mol) divided by the heat of combustion (902 kJ/mol) it is found that methane, being the simplest hydrocarbon, actually produces the most heat per unit mass than other complex hydrocarbons. In many cities, methane is piped into homes for domestic heating and cooking purposes. In this context it is usually known as natural gas. One standard cubic foot of methane will produce roughly 1,000 BTU (1.06 MJ = 293 W·hr) of energy.


Industrial uses

Methane is used in industrial chemical processes and may be transported as a refrigerated liquid (liquefied natural gas, or LNG). While leaks from a refrigerated liquid container are initially heavier than air due to the increased density of the cold gas, the gas at ambient temperature is lighter than air. Gas pipelines distribute large amounts of natural gas, of which methane is the principal component.

In the chemical industry, methane is the feedstock of choice for the production of hydrogen, methanol, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride. When used to produce any of these chemicals, methane is first converted to synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, by steam reforming. In this process, methane and steam react on a nickel catalyst at high temperatures (700–1100 °C).

CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2
The ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen in synthesis gas can then be adjusted via the water gas shift reaction to the appropriate value for the intended purpose.

CO + H22 + H2
Less significant methane-derived chemicals include acetylene, prepared by passing methane through an electric arc, and the chloromethanes (chloromethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride), produced by reacting methane with chlorine gas. However, the use of these chemicals is declining, acetylene as it is replaced by less costly substitutes, and the chloromethanes due to health and environmental concerns.

Answer 2

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The short answer: A hole is drilled in the ground into rock that has crude oil contained within its pores. Natural pressure in the oil reservoir will push the oil out of the hole to the surface, or a pump is put on the well which lifts the oil out of the ground. Gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, bunker oil (used by ships), and coke (used to make cement and steel) are all fuels made from crude oil. Crude oil often contains propane and butane which are also used as fuels, and crude oil reservoirs often also contain natural gas (methane) that is used as a fuel. The long answer: Using geologic knowledge and interpretation of structural, depositional, burial history, and other data, a basin is evaluated for potential for oil and gas. Often some of the best evidence of the presence of oil and gas in an area is that it is seeping to the surface and many early oil discoveries were made by drilling near natural oil and gas seeps. Once there is enough understanding of the geology, additional data may be acquired (at great expense- often many millions of dollars) in the form of seismic data. This shows a picture of the subsurface created by the interpretation of the travel time of sound waves through the rock. That picture shows where oil and gas may be trapped by structure, by faults and folds, and by stratigraphic traps, and can also be used to locate the rock that is the source of the oil, typically a shale or a carbonate. Then a geoscientist will hypothesize where the oil is located and the well is drilled. As the well is drilled many measurements are taken known as "logging" the well and the cuttings from the drill are examined and tested constantly for signs of oil and gas. If some clue is detected that suggests there is oil and gas in the rock, then the well is tested in this zone, and if the tests confirm the presence of oil and gas, then the well is completed in the productive zone and equipment is installed to bring the oil and gas to the surface. At that point it must be moved into a pipeline or a set of tanks, and if this type of infrastructure does not exist it must be built. Large numbers of wells are drilled that are not successful, but the data from dry holes or uneconomic wells is used to predict where the drill might be more successful. The process of finding new deposits of oil often takes years, sometimes decades, and costs millions of dollars. A typical oil well costs between 5 and 10 million dollars to drill onshore, and often as much as $100 million for a deep offshore well. It is a very high risk business, especially when searching for new deposits of oil.

Answer 3

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RE:
how is methane obtained, made, found, used?

Answer 4

Most methane is used as the major component of natural gas. Methane is also produced in large quantities by termites and other animals (for example cows) and anaerobic (not in the presence of air) decomposition of organic matter (for example in swamps). Natural gas is found in formation deep underground and is used as a fuel or a chemical process feedstock.

Answer 5

methane is a Hydrocarbon, its chemical symbol is c1h4 it consists of one carbon and four hydrogens, it is a alkane (a saturated hydrocarbon, as aposed to an alkene such as methene, which is an unsaturated hydrocarbon)

Answer 6

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