what is chromobiology?

Question

related to the cell's

Answer 1

Chronobiology is a field of science that examines periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms. These cycles are known as biological rhythms. "Chrono" pertains to time and "biology" pertains to the study, or science, of life. The related terms chronomics and chronome have been used in some cases to describe either the molecular mechanisms involved in chronobiological phenomena or the more quantitative aspects of chronobiology, particularly where comparison of cycles between organisms is required.

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Answer 2

There are traditionally three approaches to research and teaching of physiology: biochemical, energetic, and homeostatic. The three are by no means exclusive and all good physiologists will include all three in their work and teaching, but each with a different emphasis.

Biochemical approach is typical of human/medical physiology. Physiological mechanisms are described at lower and lower levels, until the molecules involved are all described. This is most definitely a useful approach and has great practical application as well, yet it has its drawbacks. First, it ignores evolution (it can even be done by a Creationist) which may lead one to miss the big picture, thus guidance in which direction will research be most productive. Second, it provides a great description, but not an explanation of the mechanisms. It answers the question How something works, but does not attempt at all to answer Why.

Energetic approach is based on the notion of symmorphosis, i.e., that physiological adaptations are optimal in an engineering sense, particularly in their utilization of energy. All physiological processes are seen through the lense of energetics: how is energy acquired, stored, used, recycled and dissipated by the organism. Some heavy-duty economics formulas and models have been modified for use in physiology over the past century or so. It is assumed that every mutation that leads to better energetic efficiency of the organism will be preserved by natural selection. This may or may not be correct, but as a working hypothesis, it is mightily powerful. This approach is mostly seen in comparative/ecological/evolutionary physiology courses and textbooks and it is more geared towards answering the Why than the How questions.

Homeostatic approach has lately gone out of favor, for a number of reasons, mainly due to its inefficiency as a generator of real scientific progress. Physiological processes are seen as mechanisms for the maintanance of all aspects of the internal milieu of the body (first discussed in this way by Claude Bernard in the late 19th century). Environmental events tend to move various biological constants away from their optimal values, and various physiological mechanisms "kick in" to counter these perturbations and return all values back to normal.

Answer 3

Chronobiology is a field of science that examines periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms. These cycles are known as biological rhythms. "Chrono" pertains to time and "biology" pertains to the study, or science, of life. The related terms chronomics and chronome have been used in some cases to describe either the molecular mechanisms involved in chronobiological phenomena or the more quantitative aspects of chronobiology, particularly where comparison of cycles between organisms is required.

Description
The variations of the duration of biological activity in living organisms occur for many essential biological processes. These occur (a) in animals (eating, sleeping, mating, hibernating, migration, cellular regeneration, etc), and (b) in plants (leaf movements, photosynthetic reactions, etc.). The most important rhythm in chronobiology is the circadian rhythm, a roughly 24 hour cycle shown by physiological processes in plants and animals. (The term circadian comes from the Latin circa, meaning "around" and dies, "day", meaning literally, "around a day."). This and other many other important cycles are also studied, including:
* Infradian rhythms, which are long-term cycles, such as the annual migration or reproduction cycles found in certain animals or the human menstrual cycle.
* Ultradian rhythms, which are short cycles, such as the 90-minute REM cycle, the 4 hour nasal cycle, or the 3 hour cycle of growth hormone production. They have periods of less than 24 hours.
* Tidal rhythms, commonly observed in marine life, which follow the (roughly) 12-hour transition from high to low tide and back.

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Answer 4

Chromobiology is the science of "body clocks," attuned to the earth's cycles and encoded in our cells.