how is the quantum model organized?

Question

what is the organization of the subatomic particles in the quantum model? clear and short answer please!

Answer 1

The quantum theory is the most up-to-date theory of the times. Its' model of the atom explains its stability and like Bohr's Model, treats atoms as electrons surrounding a nucleus. The electrons, however, do not have a planetary orbit. Instead, the theory gives the location of an electron as a probability instead of showing it at a certain position. The easiest way to describe the differences between the allowed and prohibited positions of electrons in an atom is to think of the electron as a wave. The wave-particle duality of quantum theory allows electrons to be described as waves, instead of particles. Keep in mind that this theory may be disproved in the near future and replaced with a new model with even more complicated mathematical calculations..☺

Answer 2

The Quantum Model of the Atom

A. The Nature of Electrons
1. The amount of energy an electron has determines its distance from the nucleus
2. Electrons can have only certain amounts of energy (quanta)
3. This means that electrons orbit at certain levels away from the nucleus


B. Energy Levels
1. There are maximum of 7 energy levels
2. The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an energy level is 2n^2 (where n is the number of the energy level)


C. Sublevels
1. Each energy level has a number of sublevels equal to the number of that energy level
2. There are only 4 sublevels due to the numbers of electrons they can hold
3. The sublevels are named s, p, d, and f
4. These names come from old spectroscopic terms (sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental)


D. Orbitals
1. Each sublevel can contain a certain number of electron orbitals
Sublevel # of Orbitals
s 1
p 3
d 5
f 7
2. Each orbital can hold two electrons
3. Each orbital within a sublevel must receive one electron before any of them receive two electrons


E. Electron Configuration
1. An electron configuration is a chemist's shorthand way of showing how many electrons an atom has in each of its sublevels
2. Filling order - the Aufbau Diagram
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
6s 6p 6d
7s
a. Start at the upper left
b. Fill the orbitals and sublevels as you move down the column
c. When you reach the bottom of a column, move to the top of the next column to the right and continue
3. Periodic Table method


F. Orbital Notation
1. Boxes or circles are used to represent the orbitals grouped within a sublevel
2. Arrows pointing up or down are used to represent the individual electrons within the orbitals
3. Every orbital within a sublevel must contain one electron before any can have two electrons
4. The second electron to be placed in an orbital must have opposite spin and be drawn oppositely as the first electron


G. Electron Dot Diagrams
1. An electron dot diagram shows the symbol of the element and uses dots to represent only the outer shell electrons (valence electrons)
2. The s orbital electrons go above the symbol
3. The three p orbitals are positioned on the right, bottom, and left of the symbol (in that order)
H. Shorthand Method
1. Used for large atoms
2. First put the symbol for the noble gas element just before the element in question
3. Put square brackets around the noble gas symbol
4. Finish the configuration and/or orbital diagram

Answer 3

At its most basic level:

Neutrons and protons in the nucleus.

Electrons form a shell around the nucleus. They have varying energy states, and a discrete number of electrons fits in the various levels - s, p, d, f. (2, 6, 10, 14)