Did all of the worlds languages develop independent from each other? If not, which is the original language?

Answer 1

This is contentious, some believe in one original language. Most linguists, do however believe that many languages developed independently as humans around the globe developed the ability for language, which languages then intermingled and developed into the World's language families.

The English language, as well as most all other languages of Europe (with the exceptions of Finnish, Hungarian & Basque), India, and Persia, belong to the Indo-European language family. These developed from the Proto-Indo-European language spoken several thousand years ago, which has been partially reconstructed by historical comparison of the Indo-European languages.

Some other language families include Sino-Tibetan (Chinese), Afro-Asiatic (Arabic, Hebrew), Uralic (Finnish, Hungarian), Austronesian (Hawaiian), Altaic (Turkish), Austro-Asiatic (Vietnamese), many African and Native American families, among others, each with likely Proto-languages, as well as language isolates (Korean, Japanese, Basque).

Languages are constantly changing, so don't expect there to be any language 1000 years from now that's understandable to you and me. Also, there are no languages which are inherently less complex than any other---any language can express any idea