What is Feline Leukemia and how do cats get it?

Answer 1

(Sorry for my "vetyish" language)

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus, a family of viruses which has many members that infect cats and cause disease and death in cats around the world. Another well-known feline retrovirus is the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). FeLV and FIV can be found together in the same cat. The prevalence of FeLV in single-cat households is about 3% and can be as high as 11% in stray cat populations. In large multi-cat households and in households where cats roam freely outdoors, the prevalence can reach as high as 70%. Cats roaming in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to FeLV (40%) than cats roaming in rural areas (6%).

Research has established key characteristics of FeLV: it is contagious, it directly causes both fatal cancerous and non-cancerous diseases, it can lie dormant in the bone marrow for a long time, and it can be protected against by vaccination. FeLV is not transmissible to humans or animal species other than the cat family.

FeLV is a fragile virus that does not survive in the environment. Ordinary household detergents and bleach effectively kill this virus. There is therefore no danger that cats can be exposed to FeLV in veterinary clinic waiting rooms or exam rooms, or in cages, or at cat shows unless direct contact is made with a positive cat who is shedding virus. Transmission of FeLV requires intimate moist contact. The most common route is contact with infected saliva through grooming, licking, biting and shared dishes and litter pans. FeLV can also be transmitted through a blood transfusion, so all cats who are blood donors are screened for FeLV. Kittens can be infected by their mother before birth or during nursing after birth.

Answer 2

Feline Leukemia is an immunosuppressive virus which makes it hard for the body to fight infection if a cat contracts a disease. It is usually acquired through bite wounds and mucous membrane contact which can occur as a result of cat fights and breeding, though it can also be acquired through saliva exchange and the sharing of litter boxes and food and water bowls. An infected mother can also pass on the disease in utero to her kittens. There is no cure for Feline Leukemia, supportive care being the only option, and screening for the disease and vaccinations are very important.

Answer 3

Fluid exchange.