i need to understand that in air craft how skin panel,frame & longeron are attached?

Question

I'm thinking about a 3 X 3 panel. which part is called frame & which is Longeron?

Answer 1

In aircraft construction, a Longeron is a thin strip of wood or metal, to which the skin of the aircraft is fastened. Longerons are attached to formers, in the case of the fuselage, or ribs in the case of a wing, or empennage. In very early aircraft, a fabric covering was sewn to the longerons, and then stretched tight by painting it with "dope", which would make the fabric shrink, and become stiff.

Sometimes the terms "longeron" and "stringer" are used interchangeably. Historically, though, there is a subtle difference between the two terms. If the longitudinal members in a fuselage are few in number (usually 4 to 8) then they are called "longerons". The longeron system also requires that the fuselage frames be closely spaced (about every 4 to 6 inches). If the longitudinal members are numerous (usually 50 to 100) then they are called "stringers". In the stringer system the longitudinal members are smaller and the frames are spaced farther apart (about 15 to 20 inches). On large modern aircraft the stringer system is more common because it is more weight efficient despite being more complex to construct and analyze. Some aircraft, however, use a combination of both stringers and longerons.

Answer 2

Thousands of rivets. All put in by hand with a pneumatic hammer. A lot of times with another person on the inside holding a block of steel called a "bucking bar". Removable panels use threaded nutplates riveted to the aircraft and screws through the panel into that. Other fasenters are huckbolts, hi locks, cherrymax rivets ( strong pop rivets), and solid rivets. Solids are the most common. Longerons, stringers, ribs, bulkheads all make the frame, and the skin is usually sheets of aluminium alloy. 2024 T3 is the most common. Many aircraft now use carbon fiber and kevlar for panels, especially those with complex curves. There is a lot to structures, more than I can say here. A good book that would help you is Airframe: Structures by Dale Crane. Its more of a textbook mechanics use in school. Everything you could imagine is there in the basics.

Answer 3

For the most part aluminum aircraft are put together with aluminum rivets and that depends because skin rivets are different than structure rivets. The frames of the aircraft are like your ribs and they go around the fuselag of the aircraft. Your longerons are what we call stringers and they go length ways from end to end . This is the main structure of the airplane and the outside of the airplane is the skin just like the skin on your body and the skins are attached to the frames and the stringer with countersink rivets so that it keeps the surface smooth and aerodynamic with less drag and the skins are what holds everything together.

Answer 4

At Boeing we have the skin on the outside, longerons next then frames are the innermost member. In between the longerons the skin is attached to the frame with 'shear ties', and at each longeron there is a 'stringer clip' attaching it to the frame.

The longerons run fore & aft and the frames are ∟ to the direction of flight. The cross section of the longerons looks like a hat with the edges of the brim turned up to resist compression forces more efficiently.

Answer 5

The frame is usually vertical, and defines station number.
Longerons (longs) are usually horizontal, and attaches directly to the skin, and to the frame to tie it all together. Usually, frames are attached to longs with clips, though, depending on design, can attach directly to longs.
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Answer 6

Longerons And Stringers

Answer 7

rivets.

the frame is what handles the hoop stresses, the longeron handles tensile loads.