how is paper made?

Answer 1

Check out this site!

http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mpapermaking.html

Answer 2

The paper-making process begins with the debarking of the logs. The logs are then sent through a series of chippers equipped with whirling blades, which break them down into smaller and smaller pieces. The tiny fragments are then pressure cooked with chemicals in a large vat called a digester to separate the fibers. At this point, recovered fibers are often added to the pulp. In the final stage of preparation, the wood pulp is cleaned, refined, bleached, and run through a series of beaters until it is a fine slush. At this point fillers and other additives can be mixed in. When preparation is complete, the slush is pumped onto a fast-moving wire screen where it will start to become a continuous sheet of paper.As water is removed from the forming paper, it is pumped into purifiers where the chemicals and particles are removed before it is returned to a stream or river. The chemicals and particles can be burned to provide additional power for the paper mill.As the pulp travels down the screen, excess water is drained away leaving a crude paper sheet called web. The web is then squeezed between rollers to remove remaining water and ensure uniform thickness and smoothness. Finally, the web is run through a series of heated rollers to remove any remaining water. The finished paper is spooled onto 'parent rolls', which can be 30 feet wide and weigh 25 tons. The parent rolls are run through a machine called a slitter which cuts them into smaller, more manageable rolls. Now the paper is ready to be shipped for use by a variety of businesses for products we all use everyday.

Answer 3

Paper is made from wood. what they do is cut wood really thin, bleach it white then add then you have paper. For notebook paper after they cut and bleach they have a factory where they have kids draw the lines on with rulers. Or if you don't believe my answer I believe they had a really good episode of Mister Rogers that went through the reall process or you can just go to howstuffworks.com and do a search for it.

Answer 4

Trees are cut down and there's a certain part of the tree, near the center parts, called the pulp. The " pulp" is then separated from the rest and actually pulverized into mush. It is then laid out and pressed into a thin layer and dried out. Thus, paper.

Answer 5

Paper is a thin material produced by the amalgamation of plant fibres, which are subsequently held together without extra binder, largely by hydrogen bonds and fiber entanglement. The fibres used are usually natural and composed of cellulose. The most common source of these kinds of fibers is wood pulp from pulpwood trees, largely softwoods such as spruce. However, other vegetable fibre materials including cotton, hemp, linen, and rice may be used
Processing of the fibers
Wood or plant cell walls are composed of fibers bound together. During pulping, these fibers are separated from each other and carbohydrate surfaces (cellulose or hemicellulose) are exposed. It is hydrogen bonding between these carbohydrate surfaces that provides paper strength. Fibers can be separated either chemically or mechanically.

Most chemical pulp is made using the Kraft process. The purpose of a chemical pulping process is to break down the chemical structure of lignin and render it soluble in the cooking liquor, so it may be washed from the cellulose fibers. Because lignin holds the plant cells together, chemical pulping frees the fibers and makes pulp. After Kraft pulping the pulp can be used directly for bags and boxes or further delignifed, during bleaching, to produce white pulp for printing and writing. Chemical pulps tend to cost more than mechanical pulps, largely due to the low yield, 40-50% of the original wood. Since the process preserves fiber length, however, chemical pulps tend to make stronger paper. Another advantage of chemical pulping is that the majority of the heat and electricity needed to run the process is produced by burning the lignin removed during pulping.

There are two major mechanical pulps, thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and groundwood. In the TMP process wood is chipped and then fed into large steam-heated refiners where the chips are squeezed and fiberized between two steel discs. In the groundwood process debarked logs are fed in into grinders where they are pressed against a rotating stones and fiberized. Mechanical pulping does not remove the lignin, so the yield is very high, > 95%, but also causes paper made from this pulp to yellow and become brittle over time. Mechanical pulps have rather short fiber lengths and produce weak paper. Although large amounts of electrical energy are required to produce mechanical pulp, it costs less than chemical pulp.

Paper made from either chemical or mechanical pulp can also be recycled. By mixing with water and applying mechanical action the hydrogen bonds in the paper can be broken and fibers separated again.


Drying
After the paper web is produced, the water must be removed from it in order to create a usable product. This is accomplished through pressing and drying. The methods of doing so vary between the different processes used to make paper, but the concepts remain the same.

Pressing the sheet removes the water by force. Once the water is forced from the sheet, another absorbant material must be used to collect this water. On a paper machine this is called a felt (not to be confused with the traditional felt). When making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used.

Drying involves using air and or heat to remove water from the paper sheet. In the earliest days of papermaking this was done by hanging the paper sheets like laundry. In more modern times, various forms of heated drying mechanisms are used. On the paper machine, the most common is the steam-heated can dryer. These dryer cans heat to temperatures above 200ºF and are used in long sequences of more than 40 cans. The heat produced by these can easily dry the paper to less than 6% moisture.

The paper may then undergo "sizing" to alter its physical properties for use in various applications

Answer 6

with dry grass
and also from used paper pulp

Answer 7

did not see the program how its mad!!!!