In the above discussion of the Greek evidence it was shown that it was considered compatible with various choices for the Hebrew form. William Smith continues the above quoted discussion:
Caspari (Micha, p. 5, &c.) decides in favour of the former [that is, vav-segol] on the ground that this form only would give rise to the contraction יָהוּ (yahu) in proper names. ... Gesenius punctuates the word יַהְוֶה (yahveh), from which, or from יַהֲוֶה (yahaveh), are derived the abbreviated form יָהּ (yah), used in poetry, and the form יְהוֹ (yeho) = יְהַו (yehav) = יַהְוְ (yahv) (so יַהְיְ becomes יְהִי), which occurs at the beginning of compound proper names.
Thus, in the end, Yahweh (or possibly Yahaweh) is found considering the shortened forms occurring in proper names.
The Jewish Encylopedia of 1901-1906 in the Article:Names Of God has a very similar discussion, and also gives the form Jo or Yo (יוֹ) contracted from Jeho or Yeho (יְהוֹ).
In the Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th edition (New York: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1910-11, vol. 15, pp. 312, in the Article “JEHOVAH”) the editors state:
The name Jhvh enters into the composition of many names of persons in the Old Testament, either as the initial element, in the form Jeho- or Jo- (as in Jehoram, Joram), or as the final element in the form -jahu or -jah (as in Adonijahu, Adonijah). These various forms are perfectly regular if the divine name was Yahweh, and, taken altogether, they cannot be explained on any other hypothesis.
In Chapter 1 of The Tetragrammaton and the Christian Greek Scriptures, under the heading: THE PRONUNCIATION OF GOD'S NAME the editors state:
The issue of pronunciation of God's name may best be summarized by a statement from Insight on the Scriptures, Volume 2, page 7:
Hebrew Scholars generally favor "Yahweh" as the most likely pronunciation.
They point out that the abbreviated form of the name is Yah (Jah in the Latinized form),
as at Psalm 89:8 and in the expression Halelu-Yah (meaning "Praise Yah, you people!").
(Ps 104:35; 150:1,6)
Also, the forms Yehoh', Yoh, Yah, and Ya'hu, found in the Hebrew spelling of the names of Jehoshaphat, Joshaphat, Shephatiah, and others, can all be derived from Yahweh...
Still, there is by no means unanimity among scholars on the subject, some favoring yet other pronunciations, such as "Yahuwa", "Yahuah", or "Yehuah".
[edit] In ancient Judaism
Several centuries before the Christian era the name YHWH had ceased to be commonly used by the Jews. Some of the later writers in the Old Testament employ the appellative Elohim, God, prevailingly or exclusively: a collection of Psalms (Ps. xlii. lxxxiii.) was revised by an editor who changed the Yhwh of the authors into Elohim (see e.g. xlv. 7; xlviii. 10; 1. 7; ii. 14); observe also the frequency of the Most High, the God of Heaven, King of Heaven, in Daniel, and of Heaven in First Maccabees.
The oldest complete Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) versions, from around the second century A.D., consistently use Kyrie, Lord, where the Hebrew has YHWH, corresponding to the substitution of Adonay for YHWH in reading the original; in books written in Greek in this period (e.g. Wisdom, 2 and 3 Maccabees), as in the New Testament, Kyrie takes the place of the name of God. However, older fragments do contain the name YHWH. [23] It should also be noted though that in the P. Ryl. 458 (perhaps the oldest extant Septuagint manuscript) there are blank spaces leading some scholars to believe that the Tetragrammaton must have been written where these breaks or blank spaces are. [24]
Josephus, who as a priest knew the pronunciation of the name, declares that religion forbids him to divulge it; Philo calls it ineffable, and says that it is lawful for those only whose ears and tongues are purified by wisdom to hear and utter it in a holy place (that is, for priests in the Temple); and in another passage, commenting on Lev. xxiv. 55 seq.: "If any one, I do not say should blaspheme against the Lord of men and gods, but should even dare to utter his name unseasonably, let him expect the penalty of death."[25]
Various motives may have concurred to bring about the suppression of the name. An instinctive feeling that a proper name for God implicitly recognizes the existence of other gods may have had some influence; reverence and the fear lest the holy name should be profaned among the heathen were potent reasons; but probably the most cogent motive was the desire to prevent the abuse of the name in magic. If so, the secrecy had the opposite effect; the name of the god of the Jews was one of the great names, in magic, heathen as well as Jewish, and miraculous efficacy was attributed to the mere utterance of it.
In the liturgy of the Temple the name was pronounced in the priestly benediction (Num. vi. 27) after the regular daily sacrifice (in the synagogues a substitute— probably Adonai— was employed);[26]on the Day of Atonement the High Priest uttered the name ten times in his prayers and benediction.
In the last generations before the fall of Jerusalem, however, it was pronounced in a low tone so that the sounds were lost in the chant of the priests.[27]
God's real name is YHWH.
2006-12-24 15:47:32
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answer #4
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answered by Anonymous
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“Jehovah” is the best known English pronunciation of the divine name, although “Yahweh” is favored by most Hebrew scholars. The oldest Hebrew manuscripts present the name in the form of four consonants, commonly called the Tetragrammaton (from Greek te·tra-, meaning “four,” and gram′ma, “letter”). These four letters (written from right to left) are הוהי and may be transliterated into English as YHWH (or, JHVH).
(Isaiah 42:8) . . .“I am Jehovah. That is my name; and to no one else shall I give my own glory, neither my praise to graven images. . .
(Psalm 83:18) . . .That people may know that you, whose name is Jehovah, You alone are the Most High over all the earth.
2006-12-24 15:47:04
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answer #8
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answered by Liz R 2
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