Pressure drop with orifice plate in hydraulic systems?

Question

Suppose you placed an orifice plate in a hydraulic pipeline with an hydraulic motor as the consumer.
The speed of the motor would be affected as the flowrate is controlled by the orifice plate.
How would the plate affect the torque of the motor?
Would there be any pressure drop between the points before the plate and the motor? Given that the points taken are of a distance away from the plate (eg 1m per point from the plate)

Answer 1

The orifice plate would act as a restriction in the line and lower the flow rate. This would affect the speed of the motor. However, the highest torque available from the motor would be the same as it depends on pressure. Yes there is a pressure drop across the plate under maximum speed conditions- but, under max torque conditions, the motor would be starting from zero speed and accelerating. As the pressure builds in the hydraulic fluid, the torque of the motor begins to rise- remember there is still no motion so the pressure drop through the orifice is still zero. The maximum torque under this scenario would be the same with or without an orifice plate.

Once the motor starts to turn, the hydraulic fluid will begin to flo and the pressure drop across the orifice plate will begin to increase. If the motor is at maximum load, the orifice plate could restrict flow sufficiently that the motor must stop turning until the pressure catches up again. This means the motor would go through start, stall, build up pressure and start again, stall again, build up pressure again, etc. etc. etc. A good engineer would be able to size the orifice plate to maintain speed control but still be able to turn under full load.

Answer 2

Yes, there will definitely be a pressure drop across the plate. This is one of the main disadvantages of using an Orifice plate; it causes unwanted pressure losses in the flow.

Answer 3

ORIFICE PLATES are often used in hydraulic and in hydrology systems as "Flow Restrictors."

Flow rate and volume are controlled in multiple systems by orifice plates.

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Thanks, RR

Answer 4

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