waht are some examples of parasitism, commensalism, and mutalism in a Deciduous forest biome?

Question

where are some websites I can read about this also?

Answer 1

MUTUALISM mycorrhizae - In this relationship a particular fungal species has an intimate relationship with the roots of a particular speicies of higher plant. The fungus provides the plant with increased ability to absorb nutrients (particularly phosphorus) and water and often offers some disease resistance. In return the plant offers the fungus energy in the form of carbohydrates in the root sap. Many of these relationships are obligatory.

COMMENSALISM - there are many examples of this type of symbiosis. Many species of moss or algae may live on the bark of a tree. The tree is completely unaffected and the moss or algae has a place to live above the clutter of leaf litter on the ground that would suffocate (eliminate light) to the moss or algal plant. Many animals make homes in trees without damaging the trees. Of course some animals do damage trees when they make their homes.

PARASITISM - One of my favorite parasitic relationships in the deciduous forests here in Ohio is between the American beech tree and a plant called beech drops. Beech drops are only found growing under beech trees. Although they are flowering plants, they have no chlorophyll(they are cream colored) and live entirely on sap absorbed (stolen) from the beech tree. The beech drops have a special root structure called a haustorium which connects them to the host plant.

Answer 2

1.Parasitism is a relationship in which one organism - the host - is the source of food and/or shelter for another organism, the parasite. In this relationship, all of the benefits go to the parasite; the host is harmed by the relationship. An example is a type of yellow orchid attached or growing or living off a tree such as guinep tree or a boabab tree.

2. Commensalism: one species benefits, the other is neither hurt nor helped.
In commensalism, one organism benefits from the relationship while the other is neither helped nor hurt. Example: a few orchids growing epiphytically on a tree. If there are a lot of commensals on a single "host" then it stands to reason that the host will be hurt and the relationship will slide towards the parasitic (Note: some ecologists define parasitism functionally, that is the parasite must be adapted to feed on the host; other ecologists define the terms logically, that is if the host is hurt and the parasite benefits then the relationship is parasitic, even if feeding does not take place. This latter definition makes many commensal relationships appear parasitic.

3. Finally we come to mutualistic relationships where both parties benefit. In fact, many people use the term symbiosis a bit too casually, using the term symbiosis to refer to mutualistic relationships (they should really call a relationship where both species benefit mutualistic instead of symbiotic, as the latter term leaves open the possibility that the relationship could be mutualistic, parasitic or commensal in nature). An example is Many species of moss or algae may live on the bark of a tree. The tree is completely unaffected and the moss or algae has a place to live above the clutter of leaf litter on the ground that would suffocate (eliminate light) to the moss or algal plant. Many animals make homes in trees without damaging the trees. Of course some animals do damage trees when they make their homes.

Answer 3

Mutualism - Termites, which are laregly responsible for breaking down dead trees and returning them to the soil, cannot digest wood. However, their digestive tract is filled with flagellated protozoans which break down the wood and release its nutrients, for themselves and for the termite. Neither the termites nor the prozoans can live without the other.

Parasitism - Virtually every animal species has parasites, both interiorly (endoparasites) such as roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, etc. and exteriorly (ectoparasites) like lice, fleas and ticks. Virtually any vertebrate animal you catch in the wild will have both ectoparasites and endoparasites. And many invertebrates will have them as well, especially endoparasites.
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Answer 4

Can you give more details?

Answer 5

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