give chemical compostion and 1 use of soda,optical,borosil, hard glass?

Answer 1

Soda-lime glass is the kind of glass which is most widely used for various purposes. It can be processed so inexpensively that it is used for windowpanes or bottles.

Soda-lime glass can be created by melting a mixture of silicon dioxide, sodium carbonate, and either calcium carbonate or calcium oxide. Adding sodium carbonate lowers the melting point of the glass, thus lowering the energy required to heat it, but also making it soluble in water. Calcium carbonate or calcium oxide are added to counter this.

Crown glass is type of OPTICAL glass used in lenses and other optical components.
Crown glass is produced from alkali-lime silicates containing approximately 10% potassium oxide. It has low refractive index (≈1.52) and low dispersion
Other additives used in optical glasses include zinc oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, barium oxide, and fluorite.

Borosilicate glass is a particular type of glass, better known under the brand names Pyrex, Kimax, and Endural.In addition to the quartz, sodium carbonate, and calcium carbonate traditionally used in glassmaking, boron is used in the manufacture of borosilicate glass. Typically, the resulting glass composition is about 70% silica, 10% boric oxide, 8% sodium oxide, 8% potassium oxide, and 1% calcium oxide. Though somewhat more difficult to make than traditional glass (Corning conducted a major revamp of their operations to make it), it is economical to produce because its superior durability, chemical and heat resistance finds excellent use in chemical laboratory equipment, cookware, lighting, and in certain cases, windows.

Hard, toughened glass or tempered glass is a type of safety glass that has increased strength and will usually shatter in small, square pieces when broken. It is used when strength, thermal resistance and safety are important considerations.
Toughened glass is made from annealed glass via a thermal tempering process. The glass is placed onto a roller table, taking it through a furnace which heats it to above its annealing point of 600 °C. The glass is then rapidly cooled with forced draughts of air. This rapidly cools the glass surface below its annealing point, causing it to harden and contract, while the inner portion of the glass remains free to flow for a short time. The final contraction of the inner layer induces compressive stresses in the surface of the glass balanced by tensile stresses in the body of the glass. This compressive stress on the surface of the glass is typically as high as 50 MPa.