Causes
The revolution was the culmination of a long period of repression and unrest. From the time of Peter I (Peter the Great), the czardom increasingly became an autocratic bureaucracy that imposed its will on the people by force, with wanton disregard for human life and liberty. As Western technology was adopted by the czars, Western humanitarian ideals were acquired by a group of educated Russians. Among this growing intelligentsia, the majority of whom were abstractly humanitarian and democratic, there were also those who were politically radical and even revolutionary. The university became a seat of revolutionary activity; nihilism, anarchism, and later Marxism were espoused and propagated.
The reforms of Alexander II brought the emancipation of the serfs (1861; see Emancipation, Edict of) and opened the way for industrial development. However, emancipation imposed harsh economic conditions on the peasants and did not satisfy their need for farmland. Industrialization concentrated people in urban centers, where the exploited working class was a receptive audience for radical ideas. A reactionary and often ignorant clergy kept religion static and persecuted religious dissenters. Pogroms were instituted against the Jews, which turned many radical Jews to Zionism. Non-Russian nationalities in the empire were repressed.
By 1903, Russia was divided into several political groups. The autocracy was upheld by the landed nobility and the higher clergy; the capitalists desired a constitutional monarchy; the liberal bourgeoisie made up the bulk of the group that later became the Constitutional Democratic party; peasants and intelligentsia were incorporated into the Socialist Revolutionary party; and the workers, influenced by Marxism, were represented in the Bolshevik and Menshevik wings of the Social Democratic Labor party
Revolution that overthrew the imperial government and placed the Bolsheviks in power. Increasing governmental corruption, the reactionary policies of Tsar Nicholas II, and catastrophic Russian losses in World War I contributed to widespread dissatisfaction and economic hardship. In February 1917 riots over food scarcity broke out in Petrograd (St. Petersburg). When the army joined the rebels, Nicholas was forced to abdicate. A provisional government, headed by Georgy Lvov, was appointed in March and tried to continue Russia's participation in World War I, but it was opposed by the powerful Petrograd workers' soviet, which favoured Russian withdrawal from the war. Other soviets were formed in major cities and towns, choosing members from factories and military units. The soviet movement was dominated by the Socialist Revolutionary Party, followed by the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks. Between March and October, the provisional government was reorganized four times; Aleksandr Kerensky became its head in July; he survived a coup attempt by Lavr Kornilov but was unable to halt Russia's slide into political and military chaos. By September the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, had achieved majorities in the Petrograd and Moscow soviets and won increasing support among the hungry urban workers and soldiers. In October they staged a nearly bloodless coup (the “October Revolution”), occupying government buildings and strategic points. Kerensky tried unsuccessfully to organize resistance, then fled the country. The congress of soviets approved the formation of a new government composed mainly of Bolsheviks.
2006-12-20 04:51:42
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answer #1
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answered by chandan 2
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It was not only the living conditions, but mainly the many killings and sufferings in the war, a war that was unsuccessful. Then of course the authoritarian regime had never been popular. By the way: The revolution was in spring of 1917. The famous so called October Revolution was a take-over by a small group, the Bolsheviks, using violence against the democratic institutions. The overwhelming majority of the people put up with the take-over because the democratic government had refused to stop the war. So again, war was the main point.
2006-12-20 12:51:00
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answer #2
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answered by mai-ling 5
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It wasn't the living condituions that led the Russians to have a revolution, what happened was that the King and Queen of Russia were spending too much money on the First World War and not caring for their citizens, the people eventually had had enough of this, and so decided that a revolution was needed to oust their rulers. However, this made the Russian ar,y leave the War and they then had to focus upon their common folk, eventually, after the Russian Civil War was over and the Russian Army was defeated, the Russians themselves had a Three Week Democracy, which the two parties were the Bolsheviks and another party entirely. The Bolsheviks then led the country to Communism.
2006-12-20 12:42:27
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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Better than what existed for the over 30 million killed during the so called purge that followed.
2006-12-20 13:35:54
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answer #4
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answered by dem_dogs 3
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If you have to come on here and ask other people to answer your homework questions, then plainly you should not be on the course your on. Talk to your teacher/lecturer and ask them to take you off it.
2006-12-20 12:49:43
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answer #5
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answered by Anonymous
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The vast majority of the population were peasants and they were really hungry and extremely poor.
2006-12-20 15:39:55
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answer #6
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answered by jennabeanski 4
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Torrid
2006-12-20 12:44:38
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answer #7
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answered by Anonymous
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Some peasants were pissed off at the king
2006-12-20 12:45:48
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answer #8
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answered by yahoojunkie 2
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Um...the Tsar liked to rape women..women raped the peasants..the peasants were all depressed hence killed themselves and no agriculture as a result then russia died
2006-12-20 12:39:04
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answer #9
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answered by Anonymous
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COLD AND STARVING
2006-12-20 12:50:57
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answer #10
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answered by Anonymous
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