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2006-12-20 03:54:06 · 2 answers · asked by Anonymous in Arts & Humanities History

2 answers

"The initial reaction to the monumental British triumph in the Seven Years' War, in North America called the French and Indian War, was an outburst of pride in both England and the colonies. That unity of spirit did not last long, however.
Britain was now the master of a massive empire, but it quickly became apparent that a huge debt had been incurred in the process. George III's ministers prepared to reduce the debt and increase control over the colonies.

The war soured many British military and political leaders' opinions about the American colonists. The change in perception included the following charges:

American loyalties were found wanting. New England shipping interests had traded with the French in the West Indies during the conflict, which demonstrated a greater loyalty to profit than to the mother country.

American soldiers had sometimes balked at pursuing the enemy in areas far from home and often performed badly under fire. British commanders held American soldiers in low regard and many had spoken openly about the colonists' lack of backbone.

Colonial legislatures had been reluctant to provide funds for the cost of the conflict, but willingly accepted subsidies ordered from the Royal Treasury by William Pitt, the secretary of state. The colonies seemed more willing to rely on funds raised in Britain than to impose taxes at home.
These factors were especially galling to the British, who believed that the war had been fought largely for the colonists' benefit and concluded that the Americans were unappreciative and disloyal.

The same set of facts was viewed differently in America. At the end of the war, many colonists agreed on the following:

Elimination of the French threat in North America was viewed by many colonists as an invitation to move into the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. The Indians' strategic position had been greatly altered; their trump card — pitting the French against the British — had been removed from the deck. The unbridled expansionism of many Americans was the opposite of what British policymakers had in mind.

Many Americans no longer felt the need for the presence of regular British soldiers in their towns and cities. Absence of the French foe enabled many colonists to concentrate on local and personal interests, not imperial concerns. A separate American identity was emerging and an increasing number of colonists no longer regarded themselves as British.

An undercurrent of anger had long been a part of the colonial character, but following the war this feeling surfaced. Many men who had served honorably in the conflict deeply resented the British officers' condescending attitudes and refused to forget the many insults they had suffered in silence. The merchant class also seethed. Few accepted the need to curtail their profits in order to fit into the mercantilist mold. They wondered why the economic benefit of those far away was more important than their own.
The afterglow of a great victory could not hide a developing rift between the mother country and her colonies. Ironically, British efforts to tighten controls throughout the empire served to ignite the flame of revolution in America."

And

"The British victory in the French and Indian War had a great impact on the British Empire. Firstly, it meant a great expansion of British territorial claims in the New World. But the cost of the war had greatly enlarged Britain's debt. Moreover, the war generated substantial resenment towards the colonists among English leaders, who were not satisfied with the financial and military help they had received from the colonists during the war. All these factors combined to persuade many English leaders that the colonies needed a major reorganization and that the central authority should be in London. The English leaders set in motion plans to give London more control over the government of the colonies and these plans were eventually a big part of the colonial resentment towards British imperial policies that led to the American Revolution.

The war had an equally profound but very different effect on the American colonists. First of all, the colonists had learned to unite against a common foe. Before the war, the thirteen colonies had found almost no common ground and they coexisted in mutual distrust. But now thay had seen that together they could be a power to be reckoned with. And the next common foe would be Britain.

With France removed from North America, the vast interior of the continent lay open for the Americans to colonize. But The English government decided otherwise. To induce a controlled population movement, they issued a Royal Proclamation that prohibited settlement west of the line drawn along the crest of the Alleghenny mountains and to enforce that meassure they authorized a permanent army of 10,000 regulars (paid for by taxes gathered from the colonies; most importantly the "Sugar Act" and the "Stamp Act"). This infuriated the Americans who, after having been held back by the French, now saw themselves stopped by the British in their surge west.

For the Indians of the Ohio Valley, the third major party in the French and Indian War, the British victory was disastrous. Those tribes that had allied themselves with the French had earned the enmity of the victorious English. The Iroquois Confederacy, which had allied themselves with Britain, fared only slightly better. The alliance quickly unraveled and the Confederacy began to crumble from within. The Iroquois continued to contest the English for control of the Ohio Valley for another fifty years; but they were never again in a position to deal with their white rivals on terms of military or political equality."

2006-12-20 04:01:53 · answer #1 · answered by johnslat 7 · 1 0

Which French and Indian war?

I suspect that you refer to battles within 'The Seven Years' War' (1756–1763) that took place in North America, when British (as America was under our control then) forces were fighting French and thier Algonquin and Huron allies. The British force had allied with the Iroquois.

New France was conquered by the British and became part of the British Empire (Quebec).

One result was that Newfoundland's Grand Banks were fertile fishing grounds and coveted by both sides. The conclusion of this war would see France keeping only the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

The French and Indian War was the last of four major colonial wars between the British, the French, and their Native American allies. Unlike the previous three wars, the French and Indian War began on North American soil and then spread to Europe, where Britain and France continued fighting. Britain officially declared war on France on May 15, 1756, marking the beginnings of the Seven Years' War in Europe. Native Americans fought for both sides, but primarily alongside the French (with one exception being the Iroquois Confederacy which sided with the colonies and Britain).

Though most of the North American fighting ended on Sept. 8, 1760, when the Marquis de Vaudreuil surrendered Montreal - and effectively all of Canada - to Britain (one notable late battle allowed the capture of Spanish Havana by British and colonial forces in 1762), the war officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763. The treaty resulted in France's loss of all its North American possessions east of the Mississippi (all of Canada was ceded to Britain) except Saint Pierre and Miquelon, two small islands off Newfoundland. France regained the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British. The economic value of these islands was greater than that of Canada at the time, because of their rich sugar crops, and the islands were easier to defend. Spain gained Louisiana, including New Orleans, in compensation for its loss of Florida to the British.

One result of the war was that Britain gained control of French Canada, a colony containing approximately 60,000 French-speaking, Roman Catholic residents. Early in the war, in 1755, the British had expelled French settlers from Acadia (some of whom eventually fled to Louisiana, creating the Cajun population). Now at peace, and eager to secure control of its hard-won colony, Great Britain found itself obliged to make concessions to its newly conquered subjects; this was achieved with the Quebec Act of 1774.

The European theater of the war was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on February 15, 1763. The war changed economic, political, and social relations between Britain and its colonies. It would only be a little while before the country of Britain would be at war again, this time with people it considered subjects of the King - its American colonists. The war had allowed north America to become a very effective military force, and when Britian was engaged in a power struggle with France again, Independance was declared.

2006-12-20 03:56:16 · answer #2 · answered by DAVID C 6 · 0 0

read your textbook, the answers are there.

2016-03-13 08:55:33 · answer #3 · answered by Anonymous · 1 0

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