extraction of iron explain shortly?

Answer 1

there is no short answer..
Extraction Of Iron

Like the majority of metal ores, iron ores are not pure compounds. Rather, most iron ore compounds are polluted with sand, rock and silica.

The process of extracting iron involves a number of steps.

The first step to concentrate the iron ore and remove its contents of silica.

To further remove any existing impurities, a complex process takes place in a blast furnace. The charge is where materials are placed into the blast furnace. These materials are:

Ore
Limestone
Coke
A burst of hot, oxygen enriched air is blown into the air-blast nozzle located at the near bottom of the furnace. What follows are a number of oxidation and reduction type reactions which ultimately produce the metallic iron.

One of these reactions is the coke being burnt. The heat generated by this reaction increases the bottom of the furnace to a temperature near 19000° C. This reaction is represented in a chemical equation:

C(s) + O2(g) ® CO2(g) + heat
The carbon dioxide generated rises halfway up the furnace, where it reacts with the hotter coke. This causes the carbon dioxide to reduce into carbon monoxide. This reaction absorbs some heat and lowers the temperature of the upper part of the furnace to roughly 1300° C.

CO2(g) + C(s) + heat ® 2CO(g)
This carbon monoxide then reduces the iron oxide to a metallic iron, which is molten at the temperature of the reaction. This takes place in middle and upper parts of the furnace.

3CO(g) + Fe2O3(s) ® 2Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)
The limestone in the charge is to remove any existing silica left in the enriched ore. There are two steps in this process.

The first step is heating the limestone in the furnace to produce lime, CaO. This takes place in the middle of the furnace.

CaCO3(s) ® CaO(s) + CO2(g)
The second step in this process is when the lime reacts with the silica, resulting in calcium silicate.

CaO(s) ® SiO2(s) + CaSiO2(l)
At this point, the calcium silicate is a liquid which seems to mean that the lime has served as a flux. The term flux refers to a substance that cause mineral impurities in an ore to melt more readily. The melting process that takes place in the furnace is called smelting. In this process of smelting, the products in the furnace are separated into layers. In this way, the molten iron is the bottom layer and molten calcium silicate is the layer above it. Being that the molten iron is more dense than the molten calcium silicate.

The calcium silicate is a kind of slag, formed in a smelting process by the lime combining with the calcium silicate. As a slag, the calcium is easily separated from the more dense molten iron. This is done simply by tapping the slag with an outlet.

When cooled, the molten iron from the blast furnace becomes pig iron. It still contains a number of impurities;

Sulfur
Phosphorus
Boron
These lower the iron's tensile strength and make it more brittle. However, it has such impurities at much lower levels.

From here, most iron is processed further to make steel or cast iron.

Answer 2

The steps in the extraction of iron by carbon reduction method are:

1. Hot air is pumped into the blast furnace through the bottom. The carbon reacts with the oxygen to produce carbon dioxide:
C + O2 → CO2
2. After carbon dioxide is formed, excess carbon reacts with it to form carbon monoxide - the main reducing reagent in the furnace.
CO2 + C → 2CO + Δ
3. The carbon monoxide in the blast furnace reacts with the hematite (iron(III) oxide). This occurs since carbon monoxide reacts with the oxygen, and with this compound forms carbon dioxide. This effectively reduces the iron oxide as the iron gains three electrons in the process and becomes iron atoms:
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
4. While the iron is being extracted, the limestone flux reacts with the impurities in the ore and melts them to form slag, which effectively prevents the impurities from affecting the reduction of the iron ore:
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3

Answer 3

extraction of iron
Iron is the second-most abundant metal in the Earth's crust after aluminium. It is one of the most commonly used metals in the modern world. Iron as a metal in elemental form is rarely used on its own. Most of the iron extracted today is converted to steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, which proves to be more useful than iron. Steel has good domestic as well as industrial use, mainly because it does not corrode easily, and because of its high tensile strength. It is far less brittle than iron.

The common ores of iron are hematite [Fe2O3], limonite [Fe2O3].xH2O, magnetite [Fe3O4] and siderite [FeCO3]. Iron from hematite is usually extracted through the carbon reduction process.


Representation of blast furnaces and other ironmaking processes from the 19th centuryThe iron ore with carbon in the form of coke (once charcoal) and limestone are added to a blast furnace (temperatures of at least 1300°C, but now usually 2000°C). The product of the blast furnace process is not pure iron, but pig iron which contains 4-5% carbon and silicon, which must be removed in further processes. An earlier process (which did produce fairly pure wrought iron used a bloomery, where the iron was kept in the solid state throughout, but this was gradually abandoned because it could not easily be scaled up.

The steps in the extraction of iron by carbon reduction method are:

1. Hot air is pumped into the blast furnace through the bottom. The carbon reacts the oxygen to produce carbon dioxide:
C + O2 → CO2
2. After carbon dioxide is formed, excess carbon reacts with it to form carbon monoxide - the main reducing reagent in the furnace.
CO2 + C → 2CO + Δ
3. The carbon monoxide in the blast furnace reacts with the hematite (iron(III) oxide). This occurs because the carbon monoxide reacts with the oxygen in the compound and forms carbon dioxide. This effectively reduces the iron oxide as the iron gains three electrons in the process and becomes iron atoms:
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
4. While the iron is being extracted, the limestone flux reacts with the impurities in the ore and melts them to form slag, which effectivly prevents the impurities from affecting the reduction of the iron ore:
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3

Answer 4

Hey,this is not a botany question.Should have put it under chemistry.

Answer 5

dig it and pick it.