Is there specific watercolor technicque when artist scratches some parts of painted surface up to white paper?

Question

I heard something like "sartifigo"! First the whole painting is made with watercolor, probably on some thicker paper, and then by scratching some parts of the surface you get white parts on the painting. For example - landscape painting, and a town on a hill is scratched to white.

Answer 1

The term is "sgraffito" and it means "to scratch".

The technique you refer to can be done on any weight watercolour paper, (90 lb up to 300 lb), good cotton rag paper works best. Waiting until the paint is completely dry, carefully scratch the paint off - without digging into the paper - with a scalpel, pen knife, X-acto knife etc. The trick is to only remove the paint without marring the paper as you don't want the fibres to stick up past the paint. This works best on heavily-sized paper (like Arches or Waterford) where the paint sits on top rather than soaking in as it does on a soft-surfaced, unsized or cellulose paper.

Another method is to scratch through a layer of wet paint to reveal the colour below, using a sharpened edge of a paintbrush or even a credit card (not so sharp that it will cut the paper).