How to predict hybridization in a molecule?

Question

please explain in brief,how to predict hybridization in a molecule.

Answer 1

You need to look at the central atom and determine the number of lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons (multiple bonds in this case will not count, as the orbitals used in those bonds will be orthogonal to the bonding axis and thus won't be hybridized). 2 is sp, 3 is sp2, 4 is sp3, 5 is sp3d, 6 is sp3d2.

Answer 2

Wow the last guy answered answered a very simple questions in a very complicated way. All you have to do is count the bonding regions. any where that there are two atoms bonded together counts as ONE region even if there is a double bound. Count the bond regions around a central atom. If there are 4 regions then the Hybrid is sp3, for 3 regions sp2, for 2 regions it is sp. There will be no hybridization for atoms only having one bond region like Hydrogen. Carbon can have up to sp3. Hope that helps.

Answer 3

H=1/2[(no. of electrons in a valence shell)+(no. of monovalent atoms) - (charge of cation{+}) + (charge of anion{-})]

for example:-
NH 4+ = 1/2[5+4-1+0] = 4 (sp 3)

IF

H = 2 sp (Linear)
H = 3 sp 2 (Triagonal planar)
H = 4 sp 3 (Tetrahedral)
H = 5 sp 3d (Triagonal Bipyramidal)
H = 6 sp 3 d 2 (Octahedral)

for example:-

1) SF 6 = 1/2(6+6-0+0) = 6 (sp 3d 2) (Octahedral)
2) Ccl 4 = 1/2(4+4-0+0) = 4 (sp 3) (Tetrahedral)

Answer 4

H=1/2[(no. of electrons in a valence shell)+(no. of monovalent atoms) - (charge of cation{+}) + (charge of anion{-})]

for example:-
NH 4+ = 1/2[5+4-1+0] = 4 (sp 3)

IF

H = 2 sp (Linear)
H = 3 sp 2 (Triagonal planar)
H = 4 sp 3 (Tetrahedral)
H = 5 sp 3d (Triagonal Bipyramidal)
H = 6 sp 3 d 2 (Octahedral)

for example:-

1) SF 6 = 1/2(6+6-0+0) = 6 (sp 3d 2) (Octahedral)
2) Ccl 4 = 1/2(4+4-0+0) = 4 (sp 3) (Tetrahedral)

Answer 5

hybridisation in a molecule depends upon the atom.it occurs in covalent bonding.hybridisation connot be predicted but you can know which kind of hybridisation is there in the molecule. first of all you should know that molecule contains which elements in it.then according to their covalency, the type of covalent bond as well as structure of the molecule can tell you which type of hybridisation is present in the molecule. their is no more details about hybridisation and the way you has asked the question tells that you know much about hybridisation.

Answer 6

HCN sp, linear ClF3 sp3d2 t-shaped, ClF5 sp3d2 square planar ICl3 sp3d2 t-shaped