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1. Prior to entering the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate must be converted into acetyl CoA (pronounced: acetyl coenzyme A). This is achieved by removing a CO2 molecule from pyruvate and then removing an electron to reduce an NAD+ into NADH. An enzyme called coenzyme A is combined with the remaining acetyl to make acetyl CoA which is then fed into the Krebs Cycle. The steps in the Krebs Cycle are summarized below:

2. Citrate is formed when the acetyl group from acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate from the previous Krebs cycle..

3. Citrate is converted into its isomer isocitrate..

4. Isocitrate is oxidized to form the 5-carbon α-ketoglutarate. This step releases one molecule of CO2 and reduces NAD+ to NADH2+.

5. The α-ketoglutarate is oxidized to succinyl CoA, yielding CO2 and NADH2+.

6. Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A and phosphorylates ADP into ATP.

7. Succinate is oxidized to fumarate, converting FAD to FADH2.

8. Fumarate is hydrolized to form malate.

9. Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, reducing NAD+ to NADH2+.

We are now back at the beginning of the Krebs Cycle. Because glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules from one glucose, each glucose is processes through the kreb cycle twice. For each molecule of glucose, six NADH2+, two FADH2, and two ATP

2006-11-19 17:36:12 · answer #1 · answered by musemessmer 6 · 0 0

The process in which 2 pyruvic acid molecules from glycolosis is converted into 8 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 FADH2. Each yields NADH yields three ATP through the electron transport chain and each FADH2 yields 2 ATP. Oxygen is required to create a proton gradient so NADH and FADH2 so it could be converted into ATP by ATP Synthase, an enzyme. Since this requires Oxygen, this is a form of aerobic respiration. ATP synthase is located on the mitochondria membrane of eukaryotes and on the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.
http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/krebs.html has good pictures
This sounds hard to understand but its not. Its just three steps.
1. Acetyla (CoA) is formed
2. Citrate is produced
3. electron carriers are reduced.

2006-11-20 01:12:49 · answer #2 · answered by shell_b_101 2 · 0 0

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krebs_cycle

2006-11-20 01:05:05 · answer #3 · answered by gp4rts 7 · 0 0

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